Ecofloristic analysis of natural algae population of reservoirs used as biological ponds of

. The article presents data on the comparative analysis of biological ponds, sewage treatment plants, which according to its climatic, hydrological and physical-chemical conditions of the environment is different from the other ponds. This article discusses the ecological-floral analysis of natural population of algal ponds used as biological ponds - reservoirs, clarifiers.


Introduction
Algae of biological ponds largely determines the appearance of phytoplankton in various water bodies.The difference in the species composition of algae in biological ponds of purification plants from other bioproducts in Uzbekistan and Central Asia is not surprising, since the hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of water bodies affect the composition of the flora.The level of development of phytoplankton in biological ponds of sewage treatment plants is much more common from other ponds in Uzbekistan and Central Asia.
Comparative monotony of conditions the existence of algae in water bodies and their transfer from place to place affect their geographical distribution.Seasonal changes in conditions causing a change in algae in the same water body during the period under study are also very significant.The similarity of the flora is determined by geographical proximity.
In biological ponds of treatment plants, which differs from other ponds in its climatic, hydrological and physicochemical conditions, this complex complex of factors determined the specific features of the species composition and development of algae.
The species composition of the algae flora of ponds in different regions of Uzbekistan and Central Asia is different.These reservoirs differ in area, depth, mineralization, nutrition, location, composition of prevailing species.
So in the biological ponds of purification plants in the city of Bukhara in early spring, late autumn and in winter, the algae found are peculiar to the mountain and northern water bodies proper.In the spring, summer and early autumn, the more thermophilic forms of algae developed.
The study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of algae in the ponds of the Kalgan Chirchik fish farm in the Tashkent region, as well as the periodicity of its development for the seasons of the year, was studied by P.N.Saksen also identified 522 taxa, of which blue-green -87, golden -6, diatoms -209, dinophyte -6, euglene -37, yellowgreen -4, green -172.In the list of algae found in the Kalgan Chirchik fishery, 56 species of algae are similar to our studies.
Since, for example, Merismopedia punctata, Gomfhosphaeria lacustris, Pediastrum duplex, P.simplex.Tetraedron minimum, Ankistrodesmus densus, Scenedesmus acuminatus, Pandoriuna morum and others were also found in the spring, summer and autumn of the biological ponds of the purification facilities in Bukhara.
We begin our comparisons in the ponds of Uzbekistan and Central Asia.When comparing the flora of algae in the biological ponds of sewage treatment plants with some other places in Uzbekistan and Central Asia, one can see here that it has much in common with the flora of other regions.

Main part
Algae biological ponds purification plants in Bukhara, we studied the first time.According to our observations, representatives of all systematic groups of algae developing in one or another body of water participate to a varying degree in the processes of self-purification of sewage.
This indicates the need for comprehensive and deep floristic studies of the natural algal population of water bodies used as biological ponds -storage tanks, sedimentation tanks and filtration fields.In addition to scientific interest, such studies are of purely practical significance, since the features and seasonal changes in the species composition of the algoflora can be used to enrich it with the species most desirable in this case.
Before the algalization, we investigated the species composition of the natural algae flora and their distribution by bioplasts, 120 species, varieties and forms of algae characteristic of polluted water bodies were identified.
With the development of introduced organisms in biological ponds, favorable conditions are gradually created for many accompanying species of hydrobionts.Some introduced algae gave active development in ponds.
This contributed to a decrease in the organic content of water and gave rise to an increase in the amount of oxygen dissolved in water.In the coastal parts in all ponds, there were often accumulations of filamentous algae consisting of the waters of the genera Stigeolonium, Cladophora, Spirogyra and others.Along with them occasionally came across blue-green, diatoms and other algae.Among them, Oscillatoria tenuis, O.sancta, Phormidium Lungbya aestuari and others were distinguished.
Fouling was observed on the surface of various underwater objects (branches, boards, stones) consisting of Stigeoelonium tenue, along with them the threads Oscillatoria brevis, O.irrigua, O.limosa, O.tenuis and on the surface of filaments epiphytic species of diatoms Cocconeis placentula, Navicula tryptocophala and much more.
Thus, after algalization, the phytoplankton and phytobenthic groups were enriched in qualitative and quantitative terms of the biological ponds of the purification plant in the city of Bukhara.The increase in the species composition of algae up to 357 taxa and their adaptation in bioproducts allowed to continue work on revealing the role of algae in wastewater treatment.
Algae are mostly composed of alpha-beta-mesosaprobes.The content of dissolved oxygen in water is one of the important factors of water self-purification.As the amount of dissolved oxygen increases, the self-cleaning process accelerates.In the spring period, when the temperature of water and solar energy rises in biological ponds, intensive development of phytoplankton is observed.As microalgae develop in water, the amount of dissolved oxygen increases to 3.0-4.0mg / l.Reduces the amount of organic substances in BOD5 to 44.0-50.8mg O2 / l.
On the basis of 520 algological samples collected biological ponds of the city of Bukhara and as a result of treatment 357 algal taxa, belonging to 5 systematic groups, were found; blue-green -105, diatoms -100, dinophytes -10, euglenic -30, green -112.The highest occurrence is observed by the predominance of green algae, then blue-green and diatom algae.A small number is euglenic and dinophyte.As can be seen species diversity of bioproducts is great.
Algae of biological ponds largely determines the appearance of phytoplankton in various water bodies.The difference in the species composition of algae in biological ponds of purification plants from other bioproducts in Uzbekistan and Central Asia is not surprising, since the hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of water bodies affect the composition of the flora.The level of development of phytoplankton in biological ponds of sewage treatment plants is much more common from other ponds in Uzbekistan and Central Asia.
With the development of introduced organisms in biological ponds, favorable conditions are gradually created for many accompanying species of hydrobionts.Some introduced algae gave active development in ponds.This contributed to a decrease in the organic content of water and gave rise to an increase in the amount of oxygen dissolved in water.In the coastal parts in all ponds, there were often accumulations of filamentous algae consisting of the waters of the genera Stigeolonium, Cladophora, Spirogyra and others.Along with them occasionally came across blue-green, diatoms and other algae.Among them, Oscillatoria tenuis, O.sancta, Phormidium foveolarum lungbya aestuari and others were distinguished.
Fouling was observed on the surface of various underwater objects (branches, boards, stones) consisting of Stigeoelonium tenue, along with them the threads Oscillatoria brevis, O.irrigua, O.limosa, O.tenuis and on the surface of filaments epiphytic species of diatoms Cocconeis placentula, Navicula tryptocophala and much more.
Polysaprobic of only 36 species and varieties is 16.3%.Diatom algae are the most abundant here, 10 green and euglena are 9 species, blue-green.
To understand the dynamics of phytoplankton, a clear representation of both the seasonal periodicity and the distribution of populations of mass species of algae is necessary.The dominant are the dominant, giving in this or that period a large number and number of phytoplankton.The composition of the dominant species of algae in different types of water bodies located in different regions varies, changing with environmental factors such as temperature, sunlight, biogenes, mineralization of water, transparency of hydrogen ions (pH), gas content and others.
Analysis of the seasonal dynamics of algae makes it possible to identify, the nature of the prevailing algal species is so stable.Consequently, the nature of the distribution of the dominant algal species in the reservoir depends to a large extent on the composition and intensity of phytoplankton development [3].
In the works of a number of authors (Muzafarov, Musaev, Mambetalieva, Ergashev, Kogan, Saksen, Khalilov, Abdukadirov, Khabibullaev, Tazhiev, Temirov and others), an analysis was made of prevailing algae and studied reservoirs.Consider the data of Uzbek and Central Asian researchers who studied rivers, rivers, ponds, lakes, reservoirs and others, conducted a scientific analysis of the development and distribution of algae.These authors indicate for the development and distribution of algae the main role belongs to temperature, light, biogenic and mineral substances, water transparency and others [1].
The composition of the dominant algae of biological ponds of purification plants varies in seasons as follows.In the spring, 14 taxa are dominant, as in spring, the prevailing algae are blue-green algae.In the summer, the prevailing algae of biological puddings of purifying structures turned out to be 18 species and varieties.These predominant algae include blue-green-8, diatom-2, euglenic-2, green-6.
Euglena caudata, E. caudata var., Was often recorded from euglene algae in summer.minor bucharica, E. acus, E. oxyuris and others.In summer the leading role belonged to blue and green algae.Along with them, euglenic, diatom and dinophyte algae became common.
In autumn, the dominant group includes -12 taxa, of which the largest number is found in representatives of diatoms such as Synedra ulna, Nitzshia hungarica, N. linearis, Navicula cryptocephala.Then the blue-green algae, Microcystis aeruginosa, Oscillatoria irrigua, O.brevis, Phoromidium fovetlar, from the green algae during this period, the dominants turned out to be Palmellocystis planctonica, Coelastrum microporum, Scenedesmus guadricauda.
Here the leading position is occupied by diatoms and blue-green algae.Blue-green and green algae dominated in early autumn, after the second half of October, the dominant position was occupied by diatoms.Representatives of euglenic and dinophyte algae are rarely seen in the autumn period, it was not predominant.The winter period was not dominant, some representatives of diatoms and green algae were rare.It should be noted that most of these prevalent algae biological ponds purification plants in Bukhara somewhat coincide with the dominant algae of fishponds Kalgan Chirchik of the Tashkent region (Saksen, 1965), ponds of the Kolkhoz farm.Sabira Rakhimova of the Denau district of the Surkhandaryn region, ponds of the Yakkabag district of the Kashkadarya region, ponds of the fish farm of the Akkurgan district of the Tashkent region, (Ergashev, 1974), algal flora of the bioproducts of the city of Chimkent of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Tazhiev) algae biological ponds of industrial sewage of the Chirchik production association Electrokhimprom, 1989).Let us briefly characterize the dominant algae found in ponds of biological treatment facilities of the city of Bukhara [2].

Results and conclusion
1.Microcystis aeruginosa Kuetz.Emend.Elenk blue-green algae is a widespread species of dominant in mid-spring, summer and early autumn in the plankton in all ponds.Vegetation of this species begins at a water temperature of 21-31 ° C, thermophilic in the spring the number is 860 thousand KL/l, in the summer of 1860 thousand KL / l.in early spring, late autumn and winter, this species at a water temperature of 0 ° C-12-14 ° C will not be registered.
2.Microcystis pulverea (Wood) Fortti.emendElenk.blue-green algae, vegetation in all ponds begins in spring, summer and early autumn.Mass development reaches at a water temperature of 23-30 ° C thermophilic species in the spring is 810 thousand KL/l, in the summer of 1100 thousand KL / l, autumn 620tys.CL / L. in late autumn and winter, this species disappears completely from the plankton.
3. Aphanothece clathrata Wet G. S. West.-cyanoticalgae.Registered very often in late spring, summer and autumn at a water temperature of 23-31 ° C. Thermophilic species the number of population in spring in all ponds is 980 thousand cells/l, in the summer of 1250 thousand cells/l, in the autumn of 970 thousand KL/l In early spring and in late autumn at a water temperature of 12-16 is very rare.In the winter stopped Dating.
4.Nodularia spumigena Nert.Blue-green algae develops abundantly in summer at a water temperature of 26-30 ° C. Thermophilic species.The number of all ponds reaches 910-980 thousand cells/L.This species in other seasons of the year were found.
5. Oscillatoria brevis Kuetz.Cyanotic algae are observed in all seasons of the year.Abundant occur in spring, summer and autumn at a water temperature of 18-28 ° C. In the spring, the number was 716 thousand cells/l, in the summer of 820 thousand KL/l, in the autumn of 780 thousand KL/l In late autumn and winter the temperature of water ºC 8-2 is very rare.
6. Oscillatoria irrigua (Kuetz) Gom.Blue-green algae appear in the plankton in early spring 10-16 ° C and gives an outbreak of mass development in mid-spring, summer and early autumn at a water temperature of 18-26 ° C. The strength of the spring in all the ponds is 620 thousand cells/l, in the summer of 810 thousand cells/l, in the autumn of 715 thousand KL/l In late autumn and winter ceased to meet.
7. Oscillatoria lemmermannii Wolosz.Blue-green algae are widespread.It occurs in all seasons of the year, but very often occur in spring and summer at a water temperature of 18-27 ° C. In the spring the number was 810 thousand cells/l, in the summer of 1.080 thousand cells/L.This species in late autumn and winter when the water temperature is 8-2 is rarely detected.
8. Oscillatoria woronichinii Anissim.Cyanotic algae, widely distributed.The species was detected during the year at a water temperature of 4-26 ° C.. It develops abundantly in spring, summer and autumn at a water temperature of 18-26 ° C. In spring the number in all ponds is 580 -720 thousand KL/l.9. Nautococeus grandis Korsch.Green algae thermophilic occur in late spring, summer and early autumn at a water temperature of 20-27ºC.In the spring there is the number 580 thousand cells/l, in the summer of 815 thousand KL/l.This kind of early spring, late autumn and winter was found.
Based on the above, the following conclusions can be made; Based on the above, the following conclusions can be made; 1.In biological ponds of treatment facilities there are 21 dominant species, most of which belong to the blue-green 8 species, then green 7, diatoms 4, euglenic 2 species.
2. The main factors favouring the development of predominant species in biological ponds of treatment facilities are the temperature of water and air, mineralization, nutrients, transparency and other environmental factors.
3. In the composition of the dominant species of algae there is no one that would dominate in all seasons of the year, but most of the predominant species are registered in the spring, summer and autumn, in the winter dominants are not found.
4. Most of the prevailing species of biological pond treatment facilities similar to the flora of other ponds in Uzbekistan.
5. In biological ponds of treatment facilities there are 21 dominant species, most of which belong to the blue-green 8 species, then green 7, diatoms 4, euglenic 2 species.
6.The main factors favouring the development of predominant species in biological ponds of treatment facilities are the temperature of water and air, mineralization, nutrients, transparency and other environmental factors.

Table 1 .
Saprobic algae found in water biological ponds of treatment facilities