Evaluation of the action of growth regulator on spring wheat in laboratory experiment

. The article presents the results of laboratory model experiments to study the biological responsiveness of spring wheat to new synthesized organic compound. When plants are treated with substance, a decrease in the mass 1 plant of wheat. With an increase in the concentration of the substance in the solution, the negative effect of the studied preparation on the plant decreases. When plants were treated with a 1×10 -9 % solution of the substance, a mathematically proven decrease in the length of the root and sprout of wheat was noted, but no changes were found in the concentration of flavonoids and redox activity. Spraying plants wheat in the seedling phase the test substance at a concentration of 1×10 -6 and 1×10 -3 % had a positive effect on the radicle length and the concentration of flavonoids.


Introduction
The main task of scientists is to increase the yield of staple food crops, reduce the cost of the products obtained.One way to solve this problem is to use growth regulators [1][2][3].Before the introduction of new substances (growth regulators), photosetting is carried out on higher plants.In addition to biometric parameters of plants, photosetting includes observations of changes occurring inside plants [4,5].Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds of plant origin.They are involved in the antioxidant defense of cells.Strengthening the synthesis of flavonoids indicates adaptive processes occurring in plant cells under stress [6,7].Proline is a heterocyclic amino acid, the content of which increases many times under stress in plants.Proline has antioxidant and energy functions that ensure the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and its transition to a new adaptive state of plants [8,9].An additional indicator of the toxicity of substances is the redox activity of plant extracts as an indicator of oxidative stress.High parameters of redox processes in plants are an indicator of the mobilization of the protective properties of the test organism [10,11].
The purpose of the research is to establish the responsiveness of spring wheat to plant treatment with a new synthesized organic compound.

Materials and methods
At the Department of General Chemistry T.A. Akent'eva synthesized a new substance (Fig. 1), the action and effectiveness of which was tested in laboratory model experiment.This substance exhibits biological and chemical activity.The synthesis of the substance and its activity is described in detail in the patent [12].When substance X was used, a significant decrease in the diversity of microscopic fungi of the genus Candida albicans and a number of bacteria of the genus Stafilicoccus.In laboratory model experiments, we studied the growth-regulating effect on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at the initial stages of their development.The experimental scheme included the following options: 1. Distilled water (control); 2. 1×10 -9 % aqueous solution of substance; 3. 1×10 -6 % aqueous solution of substance; 1×10 -3 % aqueous solution of substance.The repetition of variants in the experiment is triple.Plants were grown in polystyrene vessels (height 46 mm, size 179×132 mm).The substrate on which wheat was grown is vermiculite.To provide plants with nutrients, 100 ml of Knop's solution / per vessel was added.Samples of seeds 10 g were distributed over the surface of the substrate, then the seeds were sprinkled with vermiculite with a layer of 0.5 mm.After 3 days (emergence of shoots), wheat plants were treated with aqueous solutions according to the experimental scheme.Plants were grown in vessels for 10 days.During the growing season, plants were watered up to 60% of the total soil moisture capacity.Harvesting was carried out by the direct method simultaneously from all vessels.The cut plants were fixed at 105 °C for 30 minutes and dried at 60 °C for 1 hour.Simultaneously with harvesting, the biometric parameters of wheat seedlings were analyzed [13].In plant samples, the content of flavonoids and proline, and redox-activity were determined.To determine the concentration of flavonoids, an alcoholic extract with a solution of aluminum chloride (III) was used, followed by determination of the optical density on spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 425 nm.To determine the concentration of proline, an acid extract with a solution of ninhydrin was used, followed by determination of the optical density on spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 520 nm.Determination of the redox-activity of plant extracts was carried out according to the Petta method modified by Prokoshev.Mathematical processing of the research results was carried out by the method of analysis of variance.

Results and discussion
The mass 1 plant of wheat in the control variant was maximal in the experiment and amounted to 70.0-91.0mg (Table 1).Spraying plants wheat in the seedling phase led to a decrease in the yield green mass 1 plant by 3.2-12.7%.It can be noted that the mass 1 plant decreases when the drug is diluted from 1×10 -3 % to 1×10 -9 %, which is explained by a decrease in the length of wheat sprouts.
Figure 2 show the results of biometric parameters of spring wheat when treated with growth regulator.

. The biometric parameters on the spring wheat
The length of sprouts of wheat in the control variant was 15.1 mm.On the sprouts the test substance had a negative effect.When spraying plants in the seedling stage in a test substance at a concentration of 1×10 -3 % the length of sprouts decreases to 14.9 mm.With the dilution of the test substance to 1×10 -6 and 1×10 -9 %, the length of sprouts decreased by 2.6 and 5.3%, respectively.However, no direct mathematically proven relationship between the concentration of the substance and the length of the sprouts was noted.The length of the radicle in the control variant was 23.4 mm.When spraying plants, the radicle of sprouts increased to 24.2-25.6mm.A mathematically proven increase in the average length of the radicle was noted when treated with the test substance at a concentration of 1×10 -3 %.The average length of radicle increased by 9.4% relative to the radicle length in the control variant.Spraying plants in a solution of the test substance at a concentration of 1×10 -9 % had a negative effect on the average length of the radicle of the studied crops.The length of the radicle during treatment with the substance was lower than in the control variant on 6%.
The effect of plants treatment with growth regulator on contents flavonoids and proline, redox-activity are shown in Figures 3 and 4  In the variant where the plants did not experience stress, the level of flavonoids and proline was respectively 0.32 and 5.02%.When plants were treated with a growth regulator at concentrations of 1×10 -6 % and 1×10 -3 % occurred a mathematically proven increase in flavonoids respectively to 0.42 and 0.38%.Treatment of plants with the lowest concentration of the substance did not provide mathematically proven changes flavonoids content.The use of the test substance had an ambiguous effect on the concentration of proline in plant cells.Treatment of plants with concentrations of 1×10 -9 % and 1×10 -3 % provided a mathematically proven decrease in proline concentration to 4.55 and 4.03%, respectively.A concentration of 1×10 -6 % did not lead to a change in the level of proline in plants and it remained at the control level.In the control variant, the level of redox-activity was 713.89 ml KIO3/100 g.When spraying plants with concentrations of 1×10 -9 % and 1×10 -6 %, there was a tendency to reduce the level of redox-activity in plant cells.The maximum toxicity in this indicator was noted when the substance was used at a concentration of 1×10 -3 %, in which the redox-activity was 15.6% higher than the control.

Conclusion
Thus, on the basis of the conducted research, the following conclusions can be drawn.When plants are treated with substance, a decrease in the yields of the aerial parts of plants by 2.6-10.3mg is observed at SSD05 = 2.2 mg.The concentration of substance 1×10 -3 % contributed to obtaining reliable increases in the length of the radicle on 9.8% and flavonoid content on 18.7% of sprout wheat.The substance in concentrations 1×10 -9 % and 1×10 -3 % negatively affected the accumulation of proline when plants, its decrease was respectively 9.36 and 19.71%.Spraying plants in the seedling stage with a concentration of 1×10 -3 %, compared with others, led to a sharp increase in redox-activity.

Table 1 .
Effect of substance on the plants spring wheat