Strategic prerequisites and prospects of environmental management on the example of EuroChem-BMU LLC

. EuroChem is located in the Krasnodar Territory, Belorechensky District. Production processes were analysed. The implementation of environmental protection measures aimed at reducing environmental impact is noted. The costs of environmental protection measures are calculated. It is one of the leading suppliers of mineral fertilisers in Russia and the CIS. The size of the sanitary protection zone has been established. Along with the development of production aimed at increasing production, the company's subdivisions carry out environmental protection measures aimed at reducing the impact on the environment. The costs of environmental protection measures have been calculated.


Introduction
Today nitrogen, phosphate, potash, complex NPK and water-soluble fertilisers can be produced.Among the main advantages of the products are the purity of raw materials extracted from domestic deposits, advanced European technologies integrated into production, quality control at every stage from extraction to packing.The range of products developed for a wide range of crops and natural conditions will meet the needs of any agribusiness.The company's portfolio includes nitrogen, phosphate and potash fertilisers, including the tried-and-tested classics: ammonium nitrate, ammophos, potassium chloride; as well as products with increased efficiency and special purpose: granulated NPK grades and fertilisers with sulphur.Highly efficient agricultural production and increased profitability are EuroChem's main focus.This is why the company is developing new forms and formulations to improve the efficiency of plant nutrition and reduce environmental impact.The site is located in the Krasnodar region, Belorechensky district.GPS coordinates: N 44° 45' 21.7296" E 39° 46' 0.3972" Cadastral number 23:39:0602005:722 .

Main part
LLC "EuroChem -Belorechensky Minudobrenia" has been operating since 1977 and supplies fertilisers for agriculture in the Krasnodar Territory, the Russian Federation and abroad.
The territory of EuroChem-Belorechensk Minudobrenia LLC covers an area of 544 hectares and is located in the south-eastern part of the Belorechensk District of the Krasnodar Territory.The industrial site of the chemical plant occupies a watershed between the Przysh and Pshekha rivers, crossed by the Ganzha-1 and Ganzha-2 beams.
Limited Liability Company "EuroChem-Belorechensk Minudobrenia" (chemical plant) is located 8 km west of Belorechensk on the allotted site of the industrial zone (2.5 km from the village of Lukashina and the village of Druzhnoye), which corresponds to sanitary rules and norms SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.12016-03.The total area of the land plot allocated for the objects of the enterprise is 5443200 m3, including asphalt or concrete pavement -201976 m, ground pavement -177724 m, lawns -205500 m.The industrial site is one.LLC "EuroChem-BMU" is located 8 km from the eastern side of the town of Belorechensk on the south-eastern side of the Krasnodar Territory.The nearest motor transport highways: in the west at a distance of 1.94 km there is a road 03K-073, in the east at a distance of 4.64 km there is a road 03N-136.Within a radius of 0.5 km from the entire perimeter of the enterprise -there are no other industrial and agricultural facilities and structures.
Belorechensky District is located in the central part of Krasnodar Krai, on the southern border of the climatic belt of temperate latitudes.An important factor affecting the district's climate is atmospheric circulation, which is characterised by meridian directionality against the background of general zonal transport.EuroChem-BMU LLC is located in an area of interaction between the wastes of different western black circulation systems.As a result of the overlapping of the local circulation with the general circulation, and also due to the peculiar conditions of orography, the prevailing winds during the year, according to the data of the Belorechensk metrological station, are of an easterly direction.Westerly winds are somewhat less frequent, but rather significant.In summer, the wind direction is extremely unstable and the east wind direction prevails less frequently.Westerly winds prevail in July.
Complex physiographic conditions, landscape diversity, proximity of non-freezing seas and the system of high ridges of the Caucasus bring a number of changes in the general circulation of air masses, but the prevailing air masses are the continental air masses of temperate latitudes.It should be taken into account that if a certain type of circulation prevails during the season, increasing its frequency of occurrence compared to the usual, then abnormal weather conditions are formed on the territory of the study area.The wind regime of the territory of the area is determined by the interaction of the general atmospheric circulation, which is characterised by features of meridional direction at the background of the general zonal transport, and orographic peculiarities of the area.The location of the area in relation to the Black and Azov Seas and the Caucasus mountain system has a great influence here.Mineral resources of the district: non-metallic building materials: clay raw materials, sand and gravel mixture, building sands; thermal waters and healing muds.
Production is classified as Class I. Class I (extremely hazardous to humans).These include sulphur-carbon production and large agro-industrial complexes, and pig-breeding enterprises.
According to sanitary rules and regulations SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1.1031-01,the current production of LLC "EuroChem-BMU" belong to class I for the release of harmful substances, for which the size of the sanitary protection zone is set at a distance of at least 1000 m from the fence of the plant [2].
Within 1000 m there are field protection plantations.For protection of the industrial site along its perimeter there are 25 m wide isolating type forest belts, and on the rest of the territory there are 16 m wide filtering type forest belts at a distance of 100 m from each other.The territory of the sanitary protection zone includes forest plantations of Belorechenskoye lesnichestvo and Belorechenskoye leskhoz on the area of 255 ha.The system of green plantings of the sanitary protection zone consists of separate forests of natural origin and forest strips, located perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction, taking into account which the blowing corridors from 60 to 80 m are arranged, coinciding with roads and railway communications on the territory of the green zone.Green plantings of the sanitary protection zone are a reserve of clean air, filter and precipitate heavy-suspended dust particles, direct air flows in the surface layer in the necessary direction (according to the project of Giprokommunstroy), which together with measures on gas and dust collection provides favourable sanitary and production conditions at the enterprise [3, p. 24].
For all harmful substances, individual and groups, possessing the effect of summation, emitted by the operating production facilities of LLC "EuroChem -BMU" the surface concentration at the border of the sanitary protection zone and beyond it is less than the maximum permissible concentration, established for residential areas The nearest motorways and road junctions are located at a distance of 1.5 km from the main perimeter of the enterprise.At a distance of 0.5 km from the boundaries of all existing industrial facilities (sludge collectors, pumping stations, industrial communications) in operation, there are no other industrial and agricultural facilities and structures.All facilities of the enterprise are located outside the settlements [4][5][6][7][8][9][10].
The industrial site of the chemical plant occupies a watershed between the rivers Przysh and Pshekha (a tributary of the Belaya River), crossed by the Ganzha-1 and Ganzha-2 beams, is located on the territory of the State Forest Fund and partially on the lands of JSC "Komsomolskoye".According to sanitary rules and norms of SanPiN, operating production at the chemical plant by the composition of emissions of harmful substances belong to class I, for which the size of the sanitary-protective zone is set at a distance of 1 km from the fence of the plant.
The production waste is called phosphogypsum.It is used in agriculture as a calciumsulphur-containing fertiliser on soils with calcium and sulphur deficiency, as an additive in the production of organomineral fertilisers by composting, as an ameliorant for chemical reclamation of soils and as an ameliorant mixed with lime materials for chemical reclamation of acidic soils.
A comprehensive survey and analysis of the qualitative and quantitative composition of wastewater was carried out.In the course of which the initial effluent revealed the presence of a mixture of domestic, industrial and mixed wastewater, with extremely low BOD, 10 times lower than concentrations of domestic wastewater.At the same time, the phosphorus content was 5-8 times higher relative to the concentration for "standard" effluents.
Such disproportion in the initial effluent did not allow to apply the standard technology of biological wastewater treatment.It was decided to apply the IBR biochemical treatment technology.Using a mobile experimental unit, the unique technology of biochemical treatment of industrial wastewater was tested in real conditions.The tests confirmed the efficiency of IBR technology and allowed to reduce risks.Along with the development of production facilities aimed at increasing output, the company's subdivisions carry out environmental protection measures aimed at reducing environmental impact.The cost of environmental protection measures totalled about 133 million roubles.
The industrial site of the chemical plant occupies a watershed between the rivers Przysh and Pshekha (a tributary of the Belaya River), crossed by the Ganzha-1 and Ganzha-2 gullies, is located on the territory of the State Forest Fund and partially on the lands of JSC "Komsomolskoye".According to sanitary rules and norms of SanPiN, operating production at the chemical plant on the composition of emissions of harmful substances belong to class I, for which the size of the sanitary-protective zone is set at a distance of 1 km from the fence of the plant.∑ m -is the total present mass of pollutants for the period we calculate equal to one year, thousand tonnes; K e d -coefficient of ecological situation and ecological significance of natural resources, for Kuban is equal to 1.9.

Fig. 1 .
Fig. 1. Rose by shade of winds The average annual air temperature in the survey area is 11.1 °C.The average air temperature of the coldest month (January) is minus 1.1 °С, the warmest month (July) is 22.9 °С.The absolute minimum reaches minus 38,7 °С, the absolute maximum 41.5 °С.The amplitude of fluctuations of absolute air temperatures is 80.2 °С.The first frosts occur on average in the third decade of October, the last frosts -in the first decade of April.In some years, the first frosts are possible in the third decade of September, the last -in the second decade of May, but the probability of such values is low.Soils on the territory of the district are distinguished as follows: -chernozems, leached low-and low-humus super thick (in the north-west and north-east of the rayon); -chernozems, leached merged of different thickness (on the watersheds between the rivers Marta and Przysh, Przysh and Belaya, Belaya and Psenafa); -grey forest-steppe and forest (in the south of the district); -meadow and meadow-chernozem (valley of the Belaya and Pshekha rivers); -meadow (floodplain), less often wet-meadow (the valley of the Przysh River).-leached chernozems are merged light clayey and clayey on quaternary brown clays and loams with olive tinge.The characteristic morphological feature of soils is unusually dense composition, merging, especially in horizon B. Merging and lack of drainage causes stagnation of water on the soil surface in wet years.By granulometric composition soils belong to clay and loamy varieties and their humus is rich in nitrogen [1, p. 219].

Table 1 .
Distribution of lands by categories

Table 2 .
Emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from operating production facilities -is the gross volume of reduced pollutant discharge by i-th attribute, tonnes;  -is the present mass of pollutants, tonnes;   -coefficient of conditional ecological and economic hazard of discharge for i-th pollutant, taken from the reference data at the end of the manual; Y est d -value of the estimated environmental and economic damage to the atmospheric air in Krasnodar Krai for one year, RUB; E3S Web of Conferences 462, 03007 (2023) AFE-2023 https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346203007Y sp b -base indicator of specific damage for Krasnodar Krai, rub./sp.•t,equal to 62.1 rub./sp.t;