Theoretical aspects of designing an integrated management system of industrial, fire and environmental safety of the organization

. The article considers the basic theoretical principles, methods and approaches for designing the integrated management system of industrial, fire, environmental and emergency safety of organizations (SMIS). It is shown that for development of all subsystems SMIS it is expedient to apply the processes "Plan-Do-Check-Act" (PDCA) and procedure of process approach applied in ISO. It is also proposed to build graphical diagrams for each process and operation SMIS design in accordance with the basic provisions of the IDEF0 methodology. Application of the above methods will allow the most effective distribution of resources, functional duties and responsibilities of personnel in the overall management system of the organization.


Introduction
The problem of ensuring technosphere safety in organizations, enterprises is relevant and important in all its aspects, such as industrial, fire, environmental safety and safety in emergencies (ES) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].The transport sector of the economy is one of the obvious examples, in which organizations and enterprises are obliged to ensure the solution of a whole set of safety issues.This is due to the frequent movement and handling of dangerous goods by various modes of transportation.In addition, the transportation process is associated with increased risks of emergencies that can lead to fires, emergencies and environmental disasters [3].
The most effective problem of technosphere safety in organizations can be solved by creating system of management of integrated safety (SMIS).Such integrated systems most fully take into account the main features and structure of organizations' activities, technological processes implemented, the danger of substances and materials used.The effectiveness of the implementation of such SMIS is characterized by the ability to ensure environmental, fire and industrial safety, as well as safety in emergencies in organizations.It also ensures stable functioning of production and technological processes, personnel safety and prompt response to emergencies and their consequences.Implementation of SMIS also allows realizing optimal financing of all activities to ensure technosphere safety [5,6].
The task of SMIS implementation can be solved by analyzing possible occupational hazards and risks in specific organizations, enterprises and developing the necessary set of measures and engineering solutions to reduce their level.
Thus, the purpose of this article is to analyze the principles of design and development of integrated safety management system of organizations aimed at ensuring industrial, environmental, fire and emergency safety.

Methods
The study of various scientific works [2,3,[7][8][9] in the field of creation of technosphere safety systems shows that most of these works are based on known methods and principles of management theory and construction of control systems.At the same time, in recent years in designing control systems such theories as system analysis, process approach, methods of functional and parametric modeling are usually used.
The application of system analysis allows decomposing the designed control system into separate subsystems or elements by decomposition method.Then, by the method of composition or synthesis it is possible to establish more precise connections between them taking into account characteristic factors or parameters of these subsystems [3,10,11], The process approach has emerged in scientific research based on international regulatory requirements ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015, ILO-OSH 2001, etc.This approach usually involves analyzing the management system taking into account its following characteristics [7][8][9]: 1.The sequence and interrelationship of processes (operations) in the system.2. The required inputs (input data, documents, information) and expected outputs (output data, documents, information) for the operation of the system.3. Criteria and methods for achieving the performance of each process (operation).4. Required resources (sources) for implementation of each process (operation).The methodology of functional modeling (IDEF0) [3,[10][11][12] allows creating and describing functional models of control systems in the form of a set of blocks.These blocks display the necessary flows of information, resources, material objects that connect the control processes.Such flows in the models of control systems are denoted as a certain set of arrows linking its blocks [12].
The essence of parametric analysis and modeling of control systems is the identification of a certain set of their quantitative indicators [13].These indicators characterize should all the properties of the studied system fully most and specifically.Further, based on the identified indicators, the formation of mathematical models characterizing the total effect of the system or its elements is performed.In the safety management system, such indicators can be numerical values of occupational risks, economic damage from accidents, fires and emergencies, the level of injury, etc.

Results and discussion
Let us analyze the theory of building a system of management of integrated safety using the methods discussed above.
The decomposition method allows us to visualize the designed SMIS in the form of subsystems: 1. Subsystem of industrial safety management.2. Subsystem of fire safety management.
3. Subsystem of emergency safety management.4. Subsystem of environmental management.
Further, for each of the subsystems by the method of process approach it is possible to establish a sequence of processes (operations) necessary for their creation and functioning.In this case, it is advisable to analyze these operations based on existing national or international regulatory requirements.International legislation does not establish such regulatory requirements for SMIS as a whole, but they have been developed for individual subsystems mentioned above, as well as for quality management systems.The process approach according to ISO 9001:2015 implies systematic management of processes and their interactions to achieve planned results in accordance with the organization's development policy.Similarly, ISO 14001:2015 sets out the fundamental requirements for an environmental management system.This system in accordance with these requirements includes organizational structure, planning of activities, distribution of responsibilities, as well as procedures, processes and resources for managing environmental aspects of the enterprise, organization.
ILO-OSH 2001 develops requirements for occupational safety and health management system (OSH).The main elements of an occupational safety and health management system are policy, organization, planning and implementation, evaluation and improvement actions.The above elements form the basis of the processes for establishing OSH.For example, the employer must first develop and put in writing the organization's occupational health and safety policy.Similarly, processes for implementing other elements of OSH need to be developed and implemented.
Thus, for the development of all SMIS subsystems in our opinion it is advisable to apply the basic processes of ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015, which are commonly referred to as "Plan-Do-Check-Act" (PDCA).Further, for each of the PDCA processes for each SMIS subsystem a block diagram of the process approach is built, which is schematically presented in Figure 1.

Resources (sources)
Input Description of process Output Efficiency ….Further, in accordance with the basic provisions of IDEF0 additionally the whole process of SMIS development should be represented in the form of a tree of the main processes A1-A4 and their decomposition to the minimum necessary operations A1.1, A1.2, etc. (Fig. 2).The result of building SMIS functional models for each process and operation is a top-level   Thus, the complex application of methods of system analysis, process approach and functional modeling constitute the theoretical basis of SMIS design in the organization.Further, to assess the effectiveness of the developed SMIS it is advisable to apply the methods of parametric analysis.Thus dynamics of change of the criteria chosen for an estimation (numerical values of technogenic risks, economic damage from accidents, fires and emergencies, level of traumatism, etc.) will quantitatively show efficiency of the developed SMIS.The choice of specific criteria and mathematical model for their assessment will depend on the specifics of the developed SMIS, taking into account the functional activities of each organization.

Conclusion
The application of the above methods in the development of various management systems of technosphere safety has been widely tested in many scientific works.For example, one of the works shows the application of the process approach for risk analysis in road transportation of dangerous goods [4].Another work evaluates the advantages of the process approach in the fire safety system [7].A number of studies use the main provisions of the process approach in the design of occupational safety and health management system [2, 3, 8, and 9].It is also worth paying attention to the studies that describe the peculiarities of applying the IDEF0 methodology in the design of individual safety systems and in the development of documentation in the field of safety of organizations [9][10][11].
Thus, the analysis of scientific and regulatory sources has shown that most researchers in the design of safety systems usually consider only one of its aspects.This is either production, or industrial, or environmental, or fire safety, or safety in emergencies.At the same time, it is important to pay attention that very often when emergencies occur, their consequences can simultaneously lead to fires and environmental emergencies, as well as to the impact on human health and death.In other words, an integrated safety system, if properly developed and used, will allow the most effective distribution of material and technical resources, functional duties and responsibilities of personnel in the overall management system of the organization.
child diagrams.These diagrams represent a set of interrelated model blocks (Figure3