Analysis of Physical Properties and Soil Uplift by Searching for Swelling Values in Barbate Quarry Soil for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Efforts

. Aceh Besar District is part of the Province which is located on the tip of the island of Sumatra and this area is on the Sumatra Fault fault as well as the local fault. Areas that are on active faults can result in the possibility of an earthquake being quite high, this is because the area is quite close to the epicenter. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of the physical properties and uplift of the quarry soil in the Barbate area of Kurma-Paya Kameng Gardens so that if the PI value of the soil is >17%, the soil needs to be stabilized with coffee husk ash as a mixed ingredient. The research research method was testing soil samples at the Soil Mechanics Laboratory at Syiah Kuala University. The results of the study show that this soil is of the clay type and has a PI value of 38.42% so stabilization is carried out, the soil uplift value also shows that the value is increasing and the highest point of the calculation results is at a 25% mixture of 22.37 kg.


Introduction
Aceh Besar District is an area that almost all of its parts are clay soil.Clay soil has two different types of properties, the first characteristic of this soil is being able to absorb water and the second is having impermeable properties to water.Soil which is a problem in the world of civil engineering is in the form of clay which absorbs water or commonly called expansive soil, this expansive soil phenomenon is a problem that must be addressed immediately.This soil has the ability to expand large enough to cause deformation which often cannot be supported by the rigidity of the building structure above it.This study aims to prove whether quarry soil is feasible or not if it is used in a construction project either as a building material or as a fill [1].Many quarry land locations can be found in the Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh Regions, several locations identified as having quarries can be seen in figure 1.However, in this study the research location was in the Barbate area which is in the Aceh Besar District area.This location is also seen to have a fairly close distance to the Seulimum fault and the Aceh fault where these locations can have a greater potential for earthquake damage due to the location being quite close to earthquake sources as shown in figure 2 below.Aceh Besar District is part of the Province which is located on the tip of the island of Sumatra and this area is located on the Sumatra Fault and local faults.Areas that are on active faults can result in the possibility of an earthquake being quite high, this is because the area is quite close to the epicenter.The epicenter of the earthquake in the mainland area can occur due to a shift in the Sumatran fault, which is indicated by the number of earthquakes along the fault and generally has a shallow depth.Earthquake shocks will have an effect on the surrounding land, the effects can occur in various ways, such as shifting of the ground which impacts on the buildings above it, liquefaction, and other things.Earthquakes often occur even without any predictions, the waves generated by earthquakes in the ground are scattered in various directions so that the effects of earthquakes are quite extensive, the waves that occur in the ground provide great movement to the surface.
Areas that are in the epicenter area of the earthquake have a higher risk of the impact of the earthquake, so that in building a construction it is necessary to calculate the load from the earthquake disaster to be able to mitigate the things that will have an impact on the area.To be able to mitigate this, a plan is needed when a construction will be carried out.The most basic planning is to ensure that the strength of the soil that will accommodate the load on it is of good quality, so that the construction can survive and the soil can accept the load that is distributed properly.
Soil is a material that is always used as a construction material, or used as a foundation for construction.However, the soil used must meet the carrying capacity strength requirements.We have observed many of the damages caused such as bumping and destruction of roads, cracking of building floors, all of this occurs as a result of using poor soil such as expansive clay.Soils that have poor physical properties or have a PI>17% have the potential for changes such as swelling and high elasticity, so soils like this need to be stabilized to improve the elements of the soil for the better.In this research, the physical properties test will be carried out on the original soil, so that if the soil has a PI>17% then this soil is stabilized with coffee husk ash, where coffee husk ash can be used as a soil stabilizing agent because it has properties that can increase the strength or carrying capacity of the soil [2].
This research focuses on the location of Paya Kameng Kurma Barbate Gardens in Aceh Besar District, this location is studied by calculating and obtaining the value of the physical properties of the soil and the uplift value due to the high swelling capacity that occurs due to changes in the soil layer so that it can cause damage to existing infrastructure.above the ground so that the uplift value will be obtained by using the equation.

Data Collection
Data collection is the stage for finding the data needed in order to solve a problem scientifically and achieve research objectives.The data that will be collected include primary data and secondary data.Data collection was carried out by conducting laboratory tests to obtain atterberg limit values and soil uplift under study.

Data Analysis
Atterberg limit testing is done by looking for the value of Liquid limit (LL), Liquid limit (LL), Shrinkage Limit and Plasticity Index.The PI value can be searched by Equation (1) [3].
Then, the test is continued by conducting swelling tests to obtain data on the development of the soil.States that more than 50% or even close to 65% of the soil in Indonesia is laterite soil.Soils of this type generally contain minerals that have high swelling potential, and can be called expansive soils.This test is carried out by preparing a sample of the test object, the test object has been compacted with a hummer and placed in a mold as a sample container, the ready sample is soaked in water for 4 days and readings are taken at certain times to get the value from the dial used to measure ground elevation [4].
The rise and fall of the groundwater level can affect the construction that is above the land.So a review is needed to see whether the land is experiencing high increases and losses so that the construction on it is not able to accept it or vice versa.This also happens because the soil is problematic clay with a high swelling value and also a very high PI value.To get the Uplift value, the calculation is carried out using the following formula [5]: As for the lift force unit itself, the following equation is used: Lift Unit (kg/cm 2 ) = Dial reading x calibration mold area (3)

Result and Discussion
From the results of research at the location of quarry soil samples at the Barbate-Paya Kameng Dates Garden.This soil has a high PI value of 38.42% in the original soil sample, where this soil is classified as having a very high swelling value because it is greater than > 17% so this soil is stabilized with coffee husk ash as a mixture to improve soil composition.and lowering the PI value in the soil, this Barbate soil sample is described in the following The soil type in the Barbate location is classified as clay, this type is obtained from the classification of the specific gravity values of the soil.In the calculation of soil mechanics analysis, specific gravity is needed to determine the type of soil being analyzed.The specific gravity of soil is a non-unit value [6].The Gs value obtained, then it can determine the type of soil from the specific gravity of the soil with the values of the specific gravity of the soil, the calculation results are as shown in the following table.From the test results it can be seen that the average specific gravity of the quarry soil samples originating from Aceh Besar District has silt or clay soil types.Where according to Munirwansyah (2018) soil that has cohesive properties such as clay soil has properties that are very sensitive to the influence of water content and has high shrink-swell properties, soil conditions like this can affect the carrying capacity of the soil [4].
This sample has also been subjected to Atterberg limit testing to obtain soil physical properties, where the results of testing on Barbate soil obtain sieving analysis values.Aggregate gradation is the distribution of grain size expressed in percent of the total weight.The main objective of the aggregate grain size analysis work is to control gradation in order to obtain a high quality mixed construction.The gradation is determined by filtering a sample of the material through a number of filters arranged in such a way from large to small sizes, the material remaining in each filter is then weighed [7].
This test is carried out to determine the diameter of the soil grains from the samples that have been tested.In this test, the value of the fine content (Fc) of the soil will also be obtained from the sieving analysis chart so that the point where the good fraction content is found in the soil,recapitulation of sieve analysis test results can be seen in the following table.From the results of research conducted, it has been found that the average soil has conditions that contain a lot of fine grains and the average soil is classified as clay and silt, soil conditions like this are not good for use in civil construction.The fc value has a fairly good content above 15%, which according to Hardiyatmo (1992) Fine Content below 15% (fine grain soil <0.005mm) can cause liquefaction [8].
Ssoil classification is the grouping of various types of soil into groups according to their characteristics.This classification system briefly describes the general properties of soil which vary widely, but none of them really provide a clear explanation of the possible users [9].The purpose of soil classification is to determine suitability for certain uses, as well as to inform about the condition of the soil from one area to another in the form of basic data.such as compaction characteristics, soil strength, unit weight, and so on [6].
So if it is classified using the AASHTO and USCS methods, the Barbate soil belongs to the AASHTO A-7-5 and USCS CH classifications.Where Classification A-7-5 indicates that the soil has fine grains that pass sieve #200 as much as more than 35% of the total soil, the soil has a liquid limit value (LL) above 41% and a PI value above 11% where the PI value is more lower than the liquid limit value, this soil is classified as loamy soil.Meanwhile, soil that is classified as CH is soil that has fine grains that pass the #200 sieve more than 50% of the total tested soil, this soil also has a liquid limit value of more than 50%, this soil also has a high PI value so this soil is classified as a inorganic clays with high plasticity (fat clays).Soil classified as CH is soil that has fine grains that pass the #200 sieve more than 50% of the total tested soil, this soil also has a liquid limit value of more than 50% this soil also has a high PI value so this soil is classified as clay.inorganic with high plasticity (fat clay).
From the results of the calculation of the Atterberg limit, the results of the plasticity index and fine content values are obtained, so that the results of the calculations are described in the following table.Then the calculation is done to get the Uplift Force value.From each dial reading for each observation time, uplift force measurement data is obtained.This value is obtained from the relationship between the readings on the dial and the calibration value of the proving ring.From the results of these calculations are described in the table as follows.From the calculation results it was found that the Uplift Force value on the soil was read 10 times with different time ranges, from the reading results it was seen that the value continued to increase until the end of the test at 96 hours reading time and had the highest value at 25% mixture which was equal to 22,37.At the beginning of the test it was seen that the values from 0% to 25% had different variations, and the 25% mixture was the highest value, but among soils with other mixtures, the mixture with 5% had a decrease in value so that the lifting force that was read was small, namely 0.03.The calculation results are shown in the following figure.From the results of tests carried out on stabilized barbate samples using coffee ashes as a mixture, it was found that the value of the lift force and the soil lift unit continued to increase.This can be seen in figure 3 and figure 4, where the graphs show the increase in the value of the lift force for each soil sample tested.
Earthquake mitigation is an effort to reduce the impact of damage and losses due to earthquakes.Earthquake mitigation efforts include designing earthquake-resistant buildings, developing early warning systems, and educating the public about what to do when an earthquake occurs.In this study, there is no direct link between the atterberg and uplift limit values for earthquake mitigation.Although there is no direct relationship between testing the uplift value and earthquake mitigation, in the planning and construction of buildings, earthquake mitigation factors and soil characteristics must be considered together.This is because soil that easily swells or expands can increase the risk of damage to buildings due to earthquakes.especially if the building is not well designed to cope with volume changes in the soil.Therefore, in the planning and construction of buildings in areas prone to earthquakes, testing the value of soil swelling can be an important factor that must be considered to minimize the risk of damage to buildings due to volume changes in the soil.

Fig 1 .
Fig 1. Map of the distribution of research location plan points.

Fig 2 .
Fig 2. Map of research locations that are close to the Seulimum fault area and the Aceh fault

Fig 3 .
Fig 3. Graph of Uplift forced relationship to reading timeThen the calculation of the soil lift unit on the sample to find out the value of the soil lift per cm2, the calculation is carried out as follows.

Fig 4 .
Fig 4. Graph of lift versus time units

table . Table 1 .
Sample soil stabilization with coffee ash mixture

Table 2 .
The results of testing the specific gravity of the soil as a result of coffee ash stabilization

Table 3 .
Recapitulation of percent testing passed the sieve analysis testground coffee husk ash stabilization

Table 4 .
PI and Fn values of Barbate soil

Table 5 .
Test object dial reading value

Table 6 .
Uplift Force value recapitulation

Table 7 .
Recapitulation of lift force unit values