Reflection of Maqoshit Sharia on the Concept of Ancient Agriculture for a Sustainable Green Economy

. This article describes eco-green farming as an implementation of maqashid al-syariah, especially the soul (al-nafs), property (al-mal), and offspring (al-nasl). Using a qualitative approach, primary data sources from interviews and secondary data sources obtained from YouTube, related articles that support this research. The findings are that environmentally friendly agriculture by utilizing surrounding natural resources and can be done even on unproductive land, and cheap can be done nationally and even reduce the use of chemical fertilizers so that it is in accordance with the objectives in maqhosid sharia, namely protecting the soul from a lot of chemical contamination, protecting property with cheap production costs and sustainability of agriculture and business, also protecting offspring by consuming halal and toyib. The novelty of this research is a stakeholder recommendation as a public policy for sustainable agriculture. The limitations of this research are the material for further research studies.


Introduction
The growing budget of the agricultural business continues to be a concern for all farmers and ranchers in every growing season.One way to reduce input costs is to shorten and manipulate the land without damaging the nutrients in it.Or eco-green tillage [1] becomes a priority to prevent damage to the surrounding nature.As we know, there are at least 3 ways of tillage, namely: (1) zero tillage, (2) minimum tillage, and (3) maximum .How the quality of the soil must be restored back to its original elements, without reducing the nutrients contained therein, let alone making it unproductive for planting.In Islam, the concept of environmental conservation becomes the concept of fiqh al-biah [2] as a sharia edict that is concerned with ecological issues such as protecting the environment, so that it is preserved, for the benefit of the surrounding environment.The prohibition of doing damage is made clearer by the command not to do damage on earth.Allah Ta'ala says in Surah Al-A'raf verse 56.Meaning: And do not make corruption in the earth, after (Allah) has repaired it, and pray to Him with fear and hope.Verily, the mercy of Allah is very near to those who do good.Imam Fakhruddin ar-Razi in his tafsir explains that the meaning of verse 56 Al-A'raf above is that Allah forbids to do damage on earth.Ar-Razi then categorizes the prohibited ifsad / damage into 5 parts, namely: damage to the body (An-Nafs), property (Al-Maal), religion (Ad-Din), offspring (An-Nasab) and intellect (Al-Aql) where the five become part of maqasid al-syariah in Islam [3].
Several previous studies discussed that one of the causes of problems in the implementation of sustainable agricultural development that stands out is the existence of sectoral egos that cause implementation to be blocked [4].Its significance in promoting economic growth and initiatives to level the playing field for government revenuethe.[5] The concept of sustainable development should be multi-dimensional so that its implementation must be an integrated cross-sector and multi-disciplinary program at the central and/or regional levels.[6] Create a new era of symbiotic agro-ecosystems by creating a multidimensional evaluation index system of green production, green innovation, green environmental protection, and green economy [7].Including the technology that supports the agriculture used must be environmentally friendly.[8] The highest costs in the farming process, including operator labor, machinery, taxes, asset depreciation/capital consumption, rent and interest costs, chemicals and fertilizers continue to account for the largest share of on-farm spending, up to 17.5%, while fuel accounts for the lowest share, representing 3% of total on-farm spending [9] including the cost of land cultivation, which is not small and requires its own handling.An illustration of the increasing burden of agricultural production is shown in Figure 1.From the American Farm Bureau Federation figure 1 above, the ever-evolving farm business budget continues to be a concern for all farmers and ranchers each growing season.In times of increased volatility, farmers and ranchers continue to try to find ways to ensure they can pay for all necessary crop inputs, even as the prices of those inputs continue to rise.While crop revenues may be up this year, crop production costs are rising rapidly and could potentially exceed revenues.The question is, can farmers afford sustainable cropping because it will be too expensive to farm?In contrast to previous research, we offer an ancient agriculture [10] which is a term that describes an environmentally friendly cropping pattern by utilizing biological and animal waste around the planting area, streamlining the use of MOL (local micro organisms), is believed to produce quality and sustainable agricultural products in accordance with maqashid sharia.Several locations have been tested using this ancient planting pattern, on sweet potato, cassava, chili, Japanese eggplant, corn, melon, honey melon.The planting locations that are being developed are the Cigugur area in Kuningan, Dana Mulya Village in Plumbon, and several other locations in Java.

Materials and method
The research conducted by this author uses a qualitative approach, which is a research and understanding process based on a methodology that investigates a social phenomenon and human problems.In this approach, researchers present a complex picture, examine words and provide detailed reports from the views of research data and conduct studies in natural situations [11,12] Then it starts with determining the external and internal analysis, then proceeds with the SWOT analysis.This research was conducted by collecting data through interviews with the founder of ancient agriculture, observation, as well as document review to complete this paper.We took a qualitative approach.Materials from primary data sources and secondary data sources were collected, sorted, categorized, and compiled in this paper.

Results and discussion
Human as khalifah as in surah Albaqarah verse 3. Meaning: "Remember when your Lord said to the Angels: "Surely I will make a caliph on the earth".They said: "Why do you want to make on the earth one who will make mischief on it and shed blood, while we are always praising you and purifying you?" God said: "Surely I know what you do not know".
In verse 30 of Surah Al-Baqarah above, the angel tells us that the basic human potential is to do damage (ifsad).The angels in the verse are seen protesting against Allah's decision to make Adam and his descendants as caliphs on earth because of the potential for ifsad that is human nature.In response to the angel's protest, Allah gave knowledge to Adam so as to make him the most entitled creature to cultivate and enliven the earth because in fact the earth and its contents are materials that can only be processed and needed by mankind [13].So it can be understood that the potential of human ifsad can be reduced through education as Allah gave knowledge to Adam.The mafhum mukholafah can be concluded that the damage that occurs on earth is caused by those who do not have knowledge of the processing of nature [14].
Waste from food/consumption/household/medicine inorganic waste, separated from waste from fruits and vegetables, leftover food, leaves, livestock waste into organic waste, which is decomposed by microbes through the composting process and returned to nature both for consumption of flora and fauna to create go-green products.Forming a symbiotic mutualism to zero waste is possible in this process.New business processes are also possible from this process.

STRATEGI (ST) 1. Introducing Ancient
Agriculture & the benefits of using MOL (its advantages and benefits).2. Patenting the MOL brand with a certain composition.3. Socialization of MOL through a workshop approach.

STRATEGI (WT ) 1. Introducing Ancient
Agriculture & Benefits of using MOL (Advantages and benefits) 2. Improve the quality of human resources through cooperation with other parties 3. Human resource literacy about ancient agriculture and the benefits of MOL Maqasid al-syari'ah becomes a necessity because it is related to the core of maqasid alsyari'ah itself, namely "jalb mashalih and dar'ul mafasid/seeking benefit and avoiding damage".So that the study of fiqh al-biah is based on an understanding of how humans are able to maintain and preserve existing natural resources as a manifestation of humans in cultivating the universe.[15] There are several things related to environmental fiqh where humans as caliphs on earth need to carry out their mandate to protect as a form of environmental maintenance [16] that is: Protection of body and soul (hifdh al nafs).In the view of environmental fiqh every living soul and body is a noble thing.Therefore, it is necessary to maintain and protect every living thing (humans, animals, plants) regardless of their status.
Harmonizing the purpose of life in the hereafter.In fiqh explained pengatruran human life which fiqh has set the order of human interaction both with Allah SWT.With fellow humans, and also human relations with nature.Harmonizing between the goals of the world and the hereafter is how humans with nature.Harmonizing between the goals of the world and the hereafter is how humans can fulfill the needs of running the wheels of life but not forgetting the purpose of the afterlife, namely getting the pleasure of Allah SWT.
The need for production and consumption must be balanced.Environmental fiqh regulates the order of human needs in terms of producing or consuming something must be in accordance with the level of human ability to meet these needs.This is based on the prohibition of humans to exaggerate in everything.
Ecosystem balance must be maintained.The human duty to cultivate and preserve nature cannot be separated from human participation in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem.If the ecosystem is maintained, humans will find it easier to fulfill their needs.
All creatures are noble (muhtaram).In line with maintaining the balance of the ecosystem, humans must also protect every living being in the world, because living things other than humans can also be utilized in a balanced manner and not hunted for extinction.
Humans carry out their caliphate duties in terms of cultivating and managing the universe.Where all of them are the essence of man as a caliph in this world by adhering to the mandate he bears and can also utilize the environment properly without damaging it, including the implementation of ancient agriculture that utilizes garbage / waste to produce other products that can generate income.By balancing the utilization of the environment without damaging it, there are benefits and benefits for the community in the ecosystem related to ancient agriculture and the community at large will benefit physically and mentally.The phenomenon of ancient agriculture that was initiated was due to concerns over natural resources and long-term human health, in addition to sustainable economic factors in the family, furthermore how this agricultural industry was able to become excellent again and much healthier.The substance of this ancient agriculture in the concept of maqashid alsyariah is to emphasize the benefits, namely: 1) Maintenance of religion (Hifzhu ad-din).In the credo theory [17] All Muslims agree that religion must be prioritized whenever establishing a law and submitting to the religion they adhere to.The religion in question is of course Islam itself.Islam is the religion that pays the most attention to the environment of this earth The Messenger of Allah said "Ju'ilat al-ardhu kulluha masjidan," the whole earth is made into a mosque.The meaning is the maintenance of nature, or in other words, maintaining Islam is a reflection of the maintenance of the environment itself.
2) Maintenance of the soul (Hifdzu an-nafs).This is maintaining the right to live honorably and the soul so as to avoid acts of persecution, in the form of murder, cutting limbs or injuring the soul [18].Islam, of course, highly values the human spirit, so that in any activity including economics, the safety of the soul needs to be prioritized.From UNEP's definition, the green economy is not only related to the environment but also to the social welfare of society.Here there is actually a reciprocity between the human soul and the environment itself.For example, environmental pollution caused by some industries often endangers human life.Companies that apply maqashid Sharia do not only rely on green washing, as an eraser of sin or a bad image in society.But it will take preventive action because it truly feels responsible for the soul of every human being.
3) Maintenance of reason (Hifdzu al-aql).A healthy environment often helps humans to think clearly and positively.This is where the go green industry plays a role in creating an atmosphere that does not interfere with people's minds.The maintenance of this mind is also often applied in various ways such as providing scholarships for outstanding students, holding competitions in potential development or also accepting company visits conducted by students to factories for research.4) Maintenance of offspring (Hifdzul an-nasl).The efficient use of resources in the concept of green economy has been discussed in maqashid sharia.Efficient use of resources is closely related to the maintenance of offspring.Where the efficient use of resources provides land for future generations to be able to utilize resources.There is a hadith that means, "If you hear that the Dajjal has come out, while you are still planting date seeds, then do not rush to repair them, because there is still human life after that" (Narrated by Abu Dawud Al-Anshari).From this hadith we can know that Islamic Economics not only aims to think about the benefits of the current generation, but also future generations.Industrial companies and other economic actors should always think about the long-term impact of all their actions.5) Maintenance of property (Hifdzu al-maal).A healthy economy always makes profits in the right way.As well as preventing economic activities that can tarnish personal property and the property of others such as Tadlis, Gharar, Riba and others.In the order of khamsah kulliyah (five maintenance).The majority of scholars agree to place property last.This is different from the triple bottom line concept which places profit in the first place.This is where the difference between the concept of green economy driven by conventional economics and the concept of maqashid sharia in Islamic economics.If conventional economics is profit oriented, then Islamic Economics is falah oriented.
Ancient agriculture provides many benefits for many parties such as the utilization of animal manure, especially from cows [19].In the Cigugur area of Kuningan, West Java, it is quite abundant and useful [20].The utilization of cow dung in Cigugur Kuningan through the local community and the community community took the initiative to utilize cow dung optimally without going through a long process [10,21] already utilized for ancient agricultural activities.
The ancient agricultural process that has been carried out is in the planting of sweet potatoes.Utilization of household waste such as the utilization of sweet potatoes, this plant can grow well in the lowlands to the highlands [22].which has also been utilized for ancient agriculture not only in ancient agriculture because sweet potatoes have benefits not only as a substitute for rice for carbohydrate needs, but also as a cosmetic ingredient [23].The process of ancient agriculture can also use the simple benefits of manure and other natural wastes such as water hyacinth, weeds, straw, bamboo leaves and other types around with a 1:1 composition to be spread on ancient agricultural land as compost or sweet potato planting media supported by prebiotics/local microorganisms mixed with the 4 products above, helping to fertilize the soil.In ancient agriculture there was no tillage such as tillage using a tractor or using other heavy equipment, what we did was that there was no activity of digging the soil, but we made soil on top of the soil or even on infertile soil with the above composition, things that have been done with this technique are within 45 days of planting sweet potatoes as big as the tip of a human finger.
From the description above, it can accelerate the growth age of sweet potatoes and save costs for buying chemical fertilizers or cannot be used at all, the maximum crop yield depends on the investment of the plant.Planting media can be used for a maximum of 3 years and can be used as a substrate for other products such as peppers or eggplants.This of course can benefit the community.Seeing the HPP with the income and output will certainly benefit the farmers.Quality management is very important in any chain, especially in export, one of the analysis used in quality management is SMART.SMART is used appropriately in this essay.Based on the above analysis, the author believes that the above method can preserve nature, be environmentally friendly and provide maximum results.

Conclusion
From the description above, it can be concluded that the innovation of ancient agricultural adoption in accordance with the concept of maqasid al-syariah emphasizes the benefits of religious maintenance (Hifzhu ad-din), protection of body and soul (An-Nafs), maintenance of reason (Hifdzu al-aql), maintenance of offspring (An-Nasab) and maintenance of property (Al-Maal).From the maqhosid sharia study, the author compiled an essay based on this SWOT to be informed to the audience in order to know the position of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats.
The concept of maqasid al-sharia, must continue to be promoted.Both in cities and in rural areas, large and small industries, the quantity and quality of human resources and policies must continue to make improvements.This concept is safe and will most likely have a positive impact on farmers, agricultural services, entrepreneurs and consumers.As if the concept of this cooperation model needs to be accelerated, (ancient agriculture) can be more optimal and comprehensive.In principle, ancient agriculture, the principle of Eco-green, or organic crops is the embodiment of Maqhosid sharia.
This research shows that the concept of life conservation in maqasid sharia is suitable for human benefit by emphasizing the protection of body and soul (An-Nafs), the maintenance of offspring (An-Nasab) and the maintenance of property (Al-Maal) can be applied to the food production chain process through the identification of food safety factors.The food manufacturing process must meet food safety certification standards to create safe food products.The identified factors will form the overall product production ecosystem to ensure human psycho-physiological health.A field study approach using primary data as the primary data is recommended for future research to obtain a more realistic picture of the extent to

,
02001 (2024) E3S Web of Conferences https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448202001482 YSSSEE 2023 which other maqasid shariah concepts are implemented in the context of food safety in relation to human physiological and physical health.