GreenTech technologies for sustainability of the national economy

. The sustainability of national economic systems continues to be a longstanding issue. States continue to interact on climate agendas and environmental topics in a tense geopolitical situation. The expansion and implementation of GreenTech technologies is becoming a prerequisite for partnerships and entry into new international markets for the supply of products and services. The article provides an overview of the level of implementation of green technologies in various sectors of Russia's national economy. Conclusions are drawn on the need to continue ecological modernization of the national economic system and to expand interstate cooperation on climate change issues.


Introduction
Global surface temperatures continue to rise, despite the best efforts of countries to reduce their carbon footprints and human impact on the environment.The summer of 2023, according to the Copernicus Climate Change Service, set a new anti-record for average temperature rise, 0.72 °C warmer than July 1991-2020 and 0.33 °C warmer than July 2019.The current climate crisis can be recognized, as the Paris Agreement's goal of keeping warming at 1.5 °C by the end of the 21st century is likely to be missed at this rate of temperature rise.
Climatic shifts are reflected not only on the state of the environment, but also on the health of the Earth's population [1].Thus, according to the statistics of the World Health Organization, the world is approaching a medical catastrophe, which has an implicit character.According to WHO forecasts, in the period from 2030 to 2050 the number of deaths will increase by 250000 cases annually as a result of alimentary diseases, malaria, diarrhea, exposure to high temperatures and outbreaks of infectious diseases.Cardiovascular disease and non-communicable diseases are the leading causes of death.Let's look at the top 7 most deadly diseases in the world (    The volumes of deaths by types of diseases presented in Table 1 prove that the deterioration of the environmental situation, frequent natural disasters and changes in atmospheric pressure have a negative impact on human well-being and longevity.Evidencebased medicine has long-established the fact that deaths from cardiovascular diseases are caused by frequent temperature changes in the hot summer months and electromagnetic storms in the off-season [2,3,4].
In Russia, the climate mainstream was officially declared by the countries' leadership in the National Development Goals of Russia until 20230.Among these, it is planned to build a new sustainable system of communicating with municipal waste, reduce emissions into the atmosphere, and carry out a set of measures to clean up water bodies.It should be noted that in fulfillment of the set tasks up to 20% of all rubbish is already sent to sorting waste processing industries in 2023, in 2024 the figure will reach 50%, in 2030 -100%; the number of harmful emissions into the air in 48 cities will be reduced by half in 2023; purification works on ecological recovery of the Volga, Baikal, Telescope Lake have been carried out.
In the industrial sector, the level of implementation of green technologies remains insufficiently intensive and depends on the territorial remoteness from the central part of the country.According to the forecasts of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, the growth rate of RES production will reach only 4% of the total production by 2035.Therefore, work on attracting business to these investment projects will continue [5].

Results and discussion
The concept of green economy is designed to help the world's population to contain the effects of anthropogenic impact on the environment and increase the planet's living potential for future generations.This is a long-term trend concerning the socio-economic development of all countries of the world.Only the collective efforts of all nations on Earth will have a positive effect on the adaptation of the world economy and society to climate change, and will make it possible to achieve success in decarbonizing industries and carbon neutrality [6].
The growing climate challenges continue to bring the world's nations closer to constructive dialogue and stimulate investment in alternative low-carbon sources of energy generation (Figure 1).As we can see in Figure 1 for the time period under consideration, the volume of world investment grew by 8.5%.At the same time, the maximum growth occurred over the last 2 years and reached USD 499 billion in 2022 compared to USD 348 billion in 2020.This fact proves that no geopolitical turmoil reduces the responsibility of mankind to the environment and the approaching ecological threat of planetary scale [7,8].
Estimates of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere by countries of the world are useless, because regardless of the level of technological development a country brings emissions into the environment, so it is more informative, from our point of view, to assess the sectoral contribution to the process of greenhouse gas emissions.(Figure 2).The structure of sectoral contribution demonstrates that it is the energy sector, the process of generation and absorption of energy, that produces the maximum amount of emissions into the atmosphere -73.2% of the total.At the same time, the industrial sector comes first in energy consumption with 24.2 %, the maintenance of buildings and structures with 17.5 %, and transport in third place with 16.2 %.Agriculture also produces 18. dioxide emissions, with livestock production accounting for the largest share at 6 %.Other sectors of the economy lag far behind energy and agriculture in their contribution, as their combined share is 8.4 %.
Of course, the climate agenda for this reason places great emphasis on energy saving and the search for alternative energy sources and the development of renewable energy sources.These measures not only reduce the carbon footprint, but will also reduce energy consumption costs and improve the overall competitiveness of manufactured goods and items on world markets [9,10].
The green agenda has a planetary scale and forms the basis for a paradigm shift from consumer behavior to resource-saving behavior.The investment resources necessary for this are already included in the budgets of many countries, large corporate structures, international supranational organizations under the auspices of the UN.It can be noted that the world capital flows are being redirected, projects of lean production and adaptive production transformation are unfolding everywhere.As this transition is rather capitalintensive, new financing instruments are required for sustainable development.
The financial market offers such a solution -green bonds, which have been circulating on the global market for several years.The global experience of green finance has formed separate sectors on regional financial exchanges to attract investments through specialized green financial instruments in new technology projects (GreenTech), reducing carbon footprint and supporting the population of poor countries in carbon-intensive regions [11,12].
World investment in the global energy transition is estimated to exceed $1 trillion by the end of 2022.This level equalled the cost of fossil fuel production.In terms of areas of investment, the maximum volume of innovative projects fell on the development of renewable energy sources and electric transport, which is justified by their high carbonization compared to other sectors.The prospective Sustainable Development Goals under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change set a target to invest up to USD 4 trillion in projects by 2030, with ESG projects accounting for up to 5% of the global debt market in 2022 (Figure 3).

Volumes of global ESG-investing ESG-bonds
Figure 3 shows the increasing trend of global financing for climate projects and green technological development projects.The trend of ESG-financing today has allowed a number of countries to co-operate in such thematic areas as green, social, sustainable investment in environmental projects.The leading countries in terms of Green Bonds issuance are China ($76.25bn),Germany ($60.77bn) and the US ($49.00bn).In the sectoral aspect, up to 81 % of investments are in the energy, construction, and transport sectors.
The climate problem has a solution, but its realization requires the readiness of countries to move to decisive measures to overcome it.The world practice of investment has developed a standard of green finance -Principles of Green Bonds of the International Capital Market Association (ICMA), according to which the algorithm of implementation of this instrument has already been worked out, there is a demand for such instruments in the financial market, i.e., all prerequisites for the development of this sector of the stock exchange are present.Besides, at high demand for Green Bonds investors of such securities have certain advantages -reputational preferences, lower discounts (greenish effect), bonuses from the state.Therefore, it is not surprising that analysts forecast the future growth of this segment and an increase in the inflow of financing into environmental projects [13,14].
Green technologies in the future will redirect public and private efforts to a new platform of interaction and resource use, which will allow increasing the potential of the environment and maintain its sustainability.Coordination among countries is important in this issue, avoiding many regulatory costs, trade and administrative barriers.In addition to coordination, it is necessary to maximize the advantages of a number of developing countries that are not actively involved in this process, but have significant resources as territorial, geographical, demographic, infrastructural [15].Transition to a unified system of carbon regulation based on a balanced methodology of accounting for emissions into the environment, convergence of national taxonomies, unification of the methodology of green finance, building a universal system of accounting for carbon units and their circulation in the emissions quotas marketall these measures will make it possible to come to a zero carbon footprint.

Conclusion
Thus, we note that the social and economic sustainability of a single state is impossible without a single integrated supranational approach to addressing climate and environmental issues.Only interstate co-operation and co-ordination of actions will lead the world economy to a low-carbon or zero-carbon footprint within the framework of the UN climate agenda.Awareness of the problem by many countries and a common paradigm shift in the life of the Earth's population is the only way forward on this issue.

Fig. 1 .
Fig. 1.Volumes of global investment resources in RES generation projects, a billion USD.

Fig. 2 .
Fig. 2. Sectoral contribution of nations around the world to greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere in 2022, %.

Fig. 3 .
Fig. 3. World investments and investment instruments for the global climate transition in 2022, trillion USD.

Table 1 .
Top 7most deadly diseases in the world according to the World Health Organization.