Development of glass bottle recycling machine

. Nowadays, great attention is paid to solving environmental issues and ensuring environmental safety of the territory. One of these issues is the disposal of consumer waste, the formation of which is growing exponentially. The problem of environmental pollution with glass waste is described in the article. It is proposed to dispose glass waste in special devices to solve this problem. The authors present the development of the machine for recycling glass bottles. The process of its work is described. This machine can be located in public places (shopping centers, hospitals, train stations, airports), where there may be accumulations of glass garbage.


Introduction
Recently, too much consumption waste has been generated, in particular empty glass bottles.It is extremely important to prevent entering of glass at dumps, since it does not decompose on its own, but accumulates at dumps.Glass waste causes even more harm to nature than a solid glass product.Fragments are subjected to corrosion, during which alkali is released.Moreover, the smaller the glass fragment, the faster corrosion spreads.This process is able to change acid-base balance of groundwater and soil, negatively affecting its fertility.
In the long term, this may lead to the fact that cultivated plants will not be able to survive in polluted areas.In addition, glass left on the ground can work like a lens and ignite grass or other garbage, provoking fire.
In the near future, humanity will not give up glass containers, so it is important to know how environmentally friendly to get rid of glass garbage.
It is necessary to combat this problem by sorting and separate waste collection.The development of the machine for recycling glass bottles is proposed as one of the methods.

Materials and methods Results
The following methods were used to implement the project:  Method of theoretical analysis -the purpose of which is to identify significant links between the object under study and the environment in the process of knowledge synthesis, explain and generalize the results of empirical analysis, identify general patterns and formalize them.
 Comparison method is to compare technical and operational characteristics and indicators of considered devices for the disposal of glass bottles. Graphic method allows to present general view and the structure of the machine under development for the disposal of glass bottles in the diagram.

Results
The problem of recycling consumption waste is quite relevant.This is confirmed by a significant number of studies on this topic (A.Dering [1], G. S. Feraru [2], R. Murray [3], J. Pichtel [4], E. Prelikova, N. Kukshin, M. Kopylov, D. Nekrasov [5], Mukshin.Sundaravadiel [6], Y. Chi [7] and others).A special place in morphological composition of consumption waste belongs to glass waste.This problem can be solved by recycling them using special devices.This topic was discussed by various scientists in scientific community.Let's take a look at their developments.
1.The machine for disposal of used containers (made by V.G.Bubnov) is portable, which allows it to move along the support between retail outlets selling drinks and collect recycled containers by reciprocating [8].This machine is designed to collect and dispose used tares, inside of which there is a container receiving tares, a container processing tares, a storage container and reward dispensing container, which increases public interest.Figure 1 shows used tare disposal machine.The disadvantage is the dependence of the automatic drive on the electric power source, which eliminates its use in places where there are no these sources.
2. Machine for receiving used bottle containers (made by H.N. Mukhametshin).This machine is an automatic machine that dispose used bottle containers, actuated by its presence in the receiving device, with payment of its collateral value [9].The machine has a body in the form of a rectangular container with a door, inside of which there are devices for receiving, recognizing and accumulating containers and a reward dispenser.The diagram of this machine is shown in Figure 2.
The machine is made the form of an autonomous machine containing a solar battery connected by a charge controller with a storage battery, which eliminates its dependence on a power source, increases reliability, and also expands the placement area.
3. Automatic machine for collecting, sorting and processing plastic and glass bottles (made by V.A. Schukin).It comprises a body with an internal frame and a front panel on a side surface facing the user.There is a reception camera window on the panel, a display and a hopper.There is a retractable platform and vibration dampers on the lower base of the case with the possibility of rolling out.Proposed system comprises crusher, container platform arranged on vibration dampers to accommodate soft container and provided with vibration motor platform [10].
The system also comprises a soft container with hooking slings, hooking brackets installed on carcass posts, a receiving chamber installed on a beam rigidly fixed on the case inside the upper base, a rotary motor of the receiving chamber installed on the beam and turned down by the shaft, a weight sensor with a rigid attachment with a receiving chamber installed on the rotary motor shaft.The machine allows efficient sealing collection, separation and sorting of bottles into different materials through the use of a color and material detection system.
Figure 3 shows a diagram of an automatic machine for collecting, sorting and processing plastic and glass bottles.The machine proposed by the authors of this article will differ from those previously invented by simplicity of design, high reliability, cheapness, the presence of a color detection system (sensor) and crushers.
Proposed machine for collection and disposal of used glass bottles has a case, on which there is a hole for reception and return of unsolicited containers, display and indicator of filling, and there is a scanner for recognition of container's material, a scanner for recognition of container's color, crushers for container grinding, containers for accumulation of crushed tare.Schematic machine of this machine is shown in Figure 4.This machine is used to dispose glass bottles by lowering the container into the reception window.Further, the container is scanned and the manufacturing material is determined in the receiving device.If the bottle is made of glass, it is absorbed by the machine and goes to the color recognition scanner, where the sensor determines its color and directs it to the corresponding hose with the crusher.
If a person does not lower the glass bottle, then the machine does not let it through and it remains in the reception window.If the color of the bottle does not correspond to the received colors, the machine pushes it back out of the chamber into the reception window.the bottle is crushed using a rotor with hammers in the crusher.After that, crushed glass is supplied to the container fixed on the retractable platform.Load rollers are attached to it, which make it easy to unload filled containers and load empty ones.On the lower base of the case from the inside there are stops to prevent the retractable platform from rolling out beyond the required distance.The separation of tare into three containers according to the color of crashed glass: green, brown and transparent allows effective sealing collection before transportation.The design of glass bottle recycling machine proposed by the authors of the article is shown in Figure 5  Let's consider the advantages of a scanner for color recognition and a compact rotary crusher with hammers of the presented machine for recycling glass bottles, which differ in the proposed device.
Using a color recognition scanner saves time and money needed to purchase additional equipment for color separation.The rotary crusher reduces costs, namely energy resources, by increasing the collection volume of crashed glass.
The glass bottle color recognition scanner has compact design, the sensor of which is equipped with a wide range of functions.The color LED scanner has two control inputs that can be used to trigger the measurement and teach the color value.Color values can be saved with five different values.Figure 6 shows a model of a glass bottle color scanner used in glass bottle recycling machine.The main element of the crusher is a rotor with hammers, with the help of which glass bottle is crushed before entering the collection container in order to use its volume effectively and increase the number of bottles received.Figure 7 shows the crusher model used in glass bottle recycling machine.As it was mentioned above, one of the distinctive properties of the machine proposed by the authors of the article for the disposal of glass bottles compared to analogues is the price.The economic component of the development of this machine includes the cost of manufacturing the machine itself, the cost of glass crash transportation to the processing plant, as well as the cost of machine service.The total cost of the proposed machine will be 602100 rubles.
Taking into account the income from glass crash delivery (194400 rubles), the payback period of the machine will be 3.1 years.

Discussion
The authors have developed a machine for recycling glass bottles, the functionality of which allows you to take tare of three colors.This fact will not only strengthen the propaganda of separate waste collection, but also reduce the pollution of urban areas with consumer waste significantly, and improve the environmental situation.Thus, the presented machine can be located in public places (shopping centers, hospitals, train stations, airports), where there may be accumulations of glass garbage.

Conclusion
The problem of environmental pollution by consumer waste, including glass waste, is urgent and needs to be solved immediately.One of the options aimed environmental protection and waste disposal may be the reception of glass bottles into automatic machines.These machines will achieve the following socio-environmental indicators:  Increase of resource saving indicators. Increase the interest of the population in separate collection of municipal solid waste. Ensure environmental safety of the territory.

Fig. 3 .
Fig. 3. Automatic machine for collecting, sorting and processing plastic and glass bottles (made by V.A. Schukin): 2 -reception chamber window, 7 -reception chamber, 8 -reception chamber attachment beam, 9 -rotary motor of reception chamber, 10 -weight sensor, 11 -bracket of clock button, 12 -plug separator, 13 -crusher with fastening unit, 14 -soft container, 15 -vibration motor, 16 -platform placement of soft container, 17 -vibration dampers, 18 -retractable platform, 19 -rollers of retractable platform, 20 -limiters, 21 -slings of soft container, 22 -bracket of hook of slings of soft container.However, despite the ability of these automatic devices to solve the problem of glass waste disposal, they have a number of disadvantages:  Not rational use of machine useful area. The need for sorting and grinding at the following stages. Dependence of the machine drive on the power supply source. Design complexity. Low reliability. High cost.The machine proposed by the authors of this article will differ from those previously invented by simplicity of design, high reliability, cheapness, the presence of a color detection system (sensor) and crushers.Proposed machine for collection and disposal of used glass bottles has a case, on which there is a hole for reception and return of unsolicited containers, display and indicator of filling, and there is a scanner for recognition of container's material, a scanner for recognition of container's color, crushers for container grinding, containers for accumulation of crushed tare.Schematic machine of this machine is shown in Figure4.

Fig. 5 .
Fig. 5.The design of glass bottle recycling machine