Prospects for the introduction and application of an automated information-measurement system for commercial electricity metering in Uzbekistan

. In order to eliminate the problems arising in the processes of production, transmission and distribution of electricity during the transition to a market economy to date, scientific research has been conducted on the prospects for the introduction and application of an automated information-measurement system for commercial electricity metering in Uzbekistan. In this new system, the processes of obtaining data from modern electric meters, collecting and storing them, and then transferring the collected data to the information processing centers through communication channels (PLC, GSM, Radio channel) were analyzed. The main features, rules, hierarchy and the classical scheme of the system are presented in this automated information-measurement system.


Introduction
Today, in the transition of Uzbekistan's economy to market management methods, it is necessary to correct the imbalance between producers, suppliers and consumers of electricity in the energy sector, especially in the electric power system.One of the ways to solve this problem is to introduce an automated system of accurate electricity measurement, control and accounting methods.To accurately control the measurement of an electronic meter, it is necessary to obtain data from the transformer substation and all its consumers in a certain specific time.In this case, errors often arise due to the "human factor".This leads to a miscalculation of electricity by the consumer of the power grid.To obtain an optimal solution to the task, the country's electric power system must have a multicomponent mechanism for coordinating the economic interests of the three parties, that is, producers, suppliers and consumers of electricity.
This system is an automated system of monitoring and accounting of consumption between producers, suppliers and consumers of electricity.Today, there are AIMS for keeping commercial accounts of electricity [1][2][3].
The main goal of creating an automated information-measurement system (later-a system) of commercial electricity accounting is to quickly obtain reliable data on electricity and energy in a single time frame for commercial calculations between the entities of the electric energy and energy market, as well as to organize the optimal operating mode of energy power to increase rational use and efficiency of energy.Determining the exact volume of generation and consumption of fuel and energy resources, that is, determining the amount of electricity generated by power plants or received from other countries and supplied to consumers, consists in accurately calculating the losses of electricity during its transmission and distribution [4][5][6].
The main tasks of this AIMS are to increase the measurement accuracy of the commercial and technical reporting of electricity, reduce commercial and technical losses and carry out rapid control over the performance of power plant loads and electricity flow charts [7][8][9].
This article presents the prospects for the introduction and application of an automated system of commercial metering of electricity in the Republic of Uzbekistan, an automated information-measurement system of commercial accounting.

Materials and methods
This system is based on receiving data from modern electricity meters, collecting and storing them, then transferring the collected data to information processing centers through communication channels (PLC, GSM, Radiochannel) and managing electricity based on this data.
Figure 1 presents 7 main possibilities of an automated information-measurement system for commercial metering of electricity.On the basis of AIMS for commercial metering of electricity, the following basic rules are presented:  The initial data received from the energy sensors (sensors) must first be transmitted  to the energy systems in the facility. For commercial and technical account books, counters installed in objects must be systems that use the same technical means. All technical means for data collection, storage and processing, as well as their transmission, must be metrologically certified, protected, and data transmission systems must also be certified. The information produced and circulating in this system must be formed at all levels, depend on a single astronomical time, and be implemented in one.
The main level of collecting, storing, transmitting and processing information about electricity and power in all objects of this system, regardless of their nature, is the level of the energy system, which in turn has its own hierarchy:  Electricity networks and the level of energy sales enterprises. The level of enterprises selling electricity and energy in the national and municipal districts. The level of objects in the AIMS of commercial metering of electricity-power plants and substations, as well as electricity consumers.
The classic scheme of automated information-measurement system for commercial metering of electricity is presented in Figure 2. Automated information and measurement system tools for commercial electricity accounting include:  There are pulse sensors (sensors) that calculate active and reactive energy electronic meters.
 Technical means and devices that collect, store, and transmit data on the commercial accounting and capacity of electricity in the objects of this system through communication channels. Technical tools of information collection, storage and disconnection systems in system objects, devices in data processing centers, communication channels, modems and other structures participating in the system. Exchange of information from machine to machine between the levels of computer equipment for objects of AIMS of energy commercial metering and the hierarchy of AIMS of energy commercial metering for information processing centers.Automated information and measurement system devices and data processing equipment for commercial accounting of electric energy at facilities, as well as personal computers and standard equipment designed for these purposes in "Regional Electricity Networks" and in the enterprises of "National Electric Networks" in the energy system as a whole for round-the-clock operation designed and must be connected to the local (local) network.Automated information and measurement systems of electric energy commercial accounting -equipped with modern accurate measuring devices, will get rid of many existing shortcomings of electric energy accounting systems.In this system, the data on the indicators of all measuring instruments are obtained at the same time.In this newly created system, the indicators of all measuring instruments are taken at the same time.Electronic meters installed in objects contribute to increase the accuracy of electricity calculation and power measurement, as they have a high accuracy class.Today there is an imbalance between produced and consumed electricity, which is approximately 15-22% [10][11][12]14].
With the help of AIMS of commercial metering of electricity-the imbalance between electricity generated and consumed can be eliminated in general or in part, and from the share that may arise due to errors in electricity meters from such imbalance, adequate measures can be taken to prevent and limit various sources of losses (thefts).
Experiments have shown [15][16][17][18], that the implementation of this system at the level of household and utility consumers has shown an economic effect in saving energy resources in these enterprises and in their calculation.This system significantly simplifies accounting books for the consumption of all energy resources, and accurate information on the consumption of energy resources can be obtained [19][20][21][22][23]. Due to accurate data acquisition from the first-level local (local) system, accurate information about the electricity consumed by consumers is obtained and helps to quickly identify the places of electricity theft.
The introduction of AIMS for commercial metering of electricity increases the accuracy of accounting for electricity losses.In the new system under this implementation, downloads are evenly distributed among consumers, and fast data is obtained from the system, on the basis of the data obtained, electricity losses are obtained on the network.
The structure of the new system, which is being implemented in the field of electrical energy, i.e. "AIMS for commercial metering of electrical energy", meets the requirements of sufficient strandart.In this: current and voltage measurement transformers (accuracy class not higher than 0.5); multifunctional microprocessor-based electric energy meters with a digital interface (accuracy class not higher than 0.5); data collection and transmission device based on modern industrial controllers (DCTD); measurement and computing complexes (commercial data collection centers).
The main purpose of this system when implementing AIMS of commercial electricity accounting in the wholesale electricity and power market is to measure the amount of electricity, which makes it possible to determine the values of accounting indicators used in financial calculations in the holesale market of electricity.The system provides for the formation of reporting forms, documents on electricity consumption, data storage in the database on the server and the transfer of reporting data to energy supply organizations.This system also allows you to control the parameters of the electrical quality read by electronic meters.
Elements of AIMS for commercial metering of electrical energy include:  ICCE is a set of integrated software, information and technical tools designed to solve the problems of diagnosing the state of objects of measuring instruments in a single energy system, as well as providing interfaces for accessing this information.The information and computing complex of the electrical system (ICCE) is used in the distributed structure of the elements of automated information and measurement systems for commercial metering of electrical energy. Information-computing complex (ICC) is a set of functionally integrated software, information and technical tools designed to solve the problems of diagnosing the condition of measuring instruments and objects, collecting, processing and storing measurement results obtained from the CIC and information-measurement complex, wholesale electric market, their collection, as well as providing access to interfaces to this information. The information -computing complex of a measurement point (ICC MP) is a set of functional integrated software and hardware for measuring electrical energy at a given point, in which signals containing quantitative information about measured physical quantities are generated and sequentially converted.The Measurement-Information complex performs a fully completed function at the measurement point and has normalized Metrological properties.

Results
The implementation of AIMS for commercial metering of electrical energy should be carried out in series as follows:  Installation of modern measuring devices at power purchase and sale points. Development and installation of a software -hardware complex in this system for the collection, processing, transmission of electrical data. Installation of communication channels. To carry out calculations on the exact volumes of electricity sales.
Figure 3 shows the initial structure scheme of the information network of AIMS for commercial metering of electrical energy in Uzbekistan.
Joining a single operational information and computing network that operates independently at the same time, this new system must be implemented by creating interaction subjects components in the production and use of electricity as follows (Figure 3):  High (central) level -including the national dispatch center (NDC) and the levels of implementation and coordination of electricity distribution. The level of the national and regional power networks of the energy system of Uzbekistan. Level of distribution entities (local)-regional branches of regional main power networks (MPN), distribution-sales networks and power plants, large consumers of electricity.
Between systems of this level, a constant exchange of information must be organized through channels of communication with a constant frequency.At the same time, each of the interactions between the subjects independently creates automated information and measurement systems, in which the commercial electricity accounting system takes into account the requirements of regulatory documents on the basis of an agreed technical task.Each subject of interaction forms its own balance sheet for all points of purchase and sale of electricity (in accordance with the contract of purchase and sale of electricity), coordinating it with the subjects of interaction on a side (territorial basis) (within the boundaries of general points of electricity supply).In this case, there must be a condition for all participants in the relationship to fulfill the general requirements for the use of unified protocols for exchange at the mandatory level.In this case, the accounting of electricity should be automated and cover the entire volume of electricity transmission and supply to the network.
The task of the subjects of interaction of AIMS of commercial metering of electricity will consist in the collection and processing of commercial metering data to determine the volume of purchase and sale of electricity.Electricity measurement data from the local level system of the interaction subject should be transmitted to AIMS at the regional level.
Based on the data obtained, each interaction should be in accordance with the appropriate schemes (reporting database), balanced data of the interaction flows of electricity with the subjects.
Information from the subjects of interaction in AIMS of commercial metering of electrical energy is transmitted to the main operator of this system as follows:  Reporting values of the balance of electrical currents between the subjects of interaction and all adjacent subjects at the measurement points. The resulting data obtained from all measurement points, data related only to the subjects of this interaction (for example, for the production of electricity -data on the production and delivery of electricity at block stations, for electricity supply companies -thermal power plants (TPP), heat information on power stations (HIPS), nuclear power plants (NPP), hydroelectric power plants (HPP), possibly in the future, wind and solar power plants). Other reporting values necessary for the functioning of the energy system.
Currently, a number of entities of the energy system have independently begun to create modern automated electricity metering systems.Having fulfilled the requirements of regulatory documents regulating the use of modern electrical energy measuring devices, multifunctional electronic meters of the class of the Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Uzbekistan with an accuracy of no higher than 0.5 are installed at the settlement points at almost all power plants.The result of these measures was a sharp decrease and stabilization of the balance sheet imbalance of electricity and, as a result, a certain decrease in the losses of electricity at the generating station.

Discussion
Through the introduction and application of AIMS of commercial metering of electricity, it provides consumers with a reduction in the cost of electricity and provides additional following economic benefits for electricity generating and supplying entities:  Reduces electricity generation, transmission and distribution costs. Optimal use of the main power equipment by controlling its maximum loads in the energy system and planning energy consumption modes. Increase the accuracy and reliability of electricity measurement. Data collection and processing, reducing decision-making time. Carry out calculations by automating these processes.
The prospects for the development of AIMS for commercial metering of electricity are associated with the introduction of new technologies that will help reduce the cost of accounting for commercial electricity and increase the efficiency of the system as a whole.For example, in the future we can expect the following:  The introduction of "smart home" system allows consumers to monitor and control electricity consumption using Internet of Things (IoT) technology.Such a system allows consumers not only to save money, but also to improve the quality of living in life. The use of energy-saving energy sources -for example, solar photoelectric plants and wind plants, which allow you to reduce the risk of increased tariffs and ensure the beneficial use of renewable energy sources. The use of cloud technologies (Internet of Things (IoT)) -such solutions help reduce energy infrastructure costs and provide an additional level of protection against hacking attacks and cybercrime. Development and use of artificial intelligence technologies -such technologies make it possible to determine the optimal energy management strategy and the most effective use of energy system resources.In general, the prospects for AIMS for commercial metering of electricity are associated with the introduction of new technologies and optimization of system management, which increases its efficiency and brings economic profit for consumers and electricity suppliers.

Conclusion
 Thus, in the transition of the economy of Uzbekistan to market management methods, the electricity generated and consumed through the introduction of the AIMSCEM and the automated information-measurement system of multifunctional electric energy commercial accounting AIMSCEM in the energy sector increases the reliability of accounting and the efficiency of management.The use of personal computers with specialized software as part of this new system AIMSCEM gives these systems additional flexibility.In addition to solving the main task of ensuring the operation of the new system (AIMSCEM), these computers can solve a number of practical tasks to assess the state of electrical power systems and the reliability of measurements, such as determining energy losses and localizing these loss sites and etc.  The introduction of AIMS for the commercial accounting of electricity has also begun in Uzbekistan, the development and formation of intelligent energy networks will make a certain contribution to the economic development of the country. This new system is one of the key elements of Smart Grid technology.In this case, it is a smart energy grid system that uses advanced technologies to monitor, control and optimize the distribution of electricity.This system allows for more efficient use of available energy resources, improved quality and reliability of energy supply, reduced energy consumption by customers, and reduced network load during peak consumption hours.Smart Grid technologies are used to integrate renewable energy sources such as solar and wind into the energy grid.They also help improve the safety and environmental sustainability of energy systems. Thus, the economic effect of using AIMS for commercial metering of electrical energy can be significant and is manifested in reducing the costs of electricity production, transmission, management and consumption, increasing profitability and increasing the efficiency of the energy system.

Fig. 1 .
Fig. 1. 7 main possibilities of an automated information-measurement system for commercial metering of electricity.

Fig. 2 .
Fig. 2. The classic scheme of the automated information-measurement system of commercial electricity accounting.

Fig. 3 .
Fig. 3.The initial structure scheme of the information network of AIMS for commercial metering of electrical energy in Uzbekistan.