Degradation of Phorbol Esters on the Jatropha curcas Linn. Seed by Biological Detoxification

¹ Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang 65144, Indonesia
² Ministry of Agriculture, P.O Box 162, Mbabane, Eswatini, Africa
³ Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University Science of Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan

^* Corresponding author: handajani@umm.ac.id

Abstract

The application of fermentation is one of methods to increase food quality biologically. Availability of Jatropha curcas residual from oil factory be focused as a soybean meal or fish meal replacement. On the other hand, J. curcas residuals possess a toxic compound as well. This study aimed to examine the effect of Aspergillus niger on the nutrition and harmful content of J. curcas as a potential ingredient of feed. In brief, J. curcas residual was fermented with a detoxification method at 3 d, 5 d, and 7 d. Crude protein, fat, and crude fiber content were assessed to discover the biological responses of J. curcas post–fermentation while phorbol ester was evaluated to toxic content post–detoxification. The results showed that crude protein and fat content were highest on 7 d post–fermentation but it was no significant difference (p > 0.05). While crude fiber content showed significant difference which the 3 d fermentation had the highest content of fiber. For phorbol ester content, 3 d fermentation showed a better result than the control group (p < 0.05). The present findings suggest that A. niger is recommendable as starter to reduce fiber and toxic content of J. curcas residual at 3 d fermentation.