Application of biomonitoring technology in environmental engineering based on model groups of amphibiontic organisms (insecta: odonata)

Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov, st. Chernyshevsky, 173, 360004 Nalchik, Russia

Abstract

The paper presents the results of the analysis of the use of amphibiontic organisms as bioindicators of the ecological environment, as model groups in ecological engineering. The solution to the conceptual problem of ecological engineering in the conservation of biological diversity is to take an inventory of natural, urbanized and agroecosystems. Among amphibiotic insects, the order Odonata stands out, with morphological plasticity, biological progress, adults and dragonfly larvae actively colonize aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems of various types. When moving to habitat in mountain biotopes, the linear body dimensions of dragonfly larvae of the species L. depressa L., S. meridionale Selys, C. puella L. decrease, which indicates unfavorable, contrastingly changing habitat conditions in mountain ecosystems. The taxonomic composition of dragonflies in lowland water bodies is represented by the suborders Anizoptera (7 species), Zygoptera (5 species), Caloptera (1 species). In the foothill water bodies - Anizoptera (5 species), Zygoptera (4 species), Caloptera (1 species), in mountain water - Anizoptera (4 species), Zygoptera (2 species). Most of the dragonfly taxa are characteristic of the plains and foothills with eutrophied biotopes characteristic of polysaprobic reservoirs with heavy pollution. In oligosaprobic biotopes, with little or no organic pollution in the water, dragonflies Ae. cyanea Müller and C. splendens Harris. The confinement of species to certain habitats, characterized in varying degrees of pollution by organic substances and their oxidation products, makes it possible to use dragonflies as bioindicators and organize background monitoring of ecosystems in the Central Caucasus.