Sexual dimorphism in shell morphology of mollusks of the genus Viviparus – important objects of water resources of Ukraine

¹ Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Faculty of Mining and Ecology, 10005 Zhytomyr 103, Chudnivska Str., Ukraine
² Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, Faculty of Information and Computer Technology, 10005 Zhytomyr 103, Chudnivska Str., Ukraine
³ Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, 152742 Borok, Nekouz, Yaroslavl, Russian Federation
⁴ Kazan Federal University, Preparatory School for International, 420008, Kazan 18, Kremlevskaya Str., Russian Federation

^* Corresponding author: tetianavakaliuk@gmail.com

Abstract

Bioindication assessment of water bodies of Ukraine can be carried out using the ratio of males and females of mollusks of the genus Viviparus. In practice, it is very convenient to determine the sex of mollusks by the differences in their shell. Male and female freshwater snails Viviparus viviparus (Linnaeus, 1758) and V. contectus (Millet, 1813) are shown to have reliable differences in shell morphology depending on their age. There is almost no sexual dimorphism by shell morphometrics and indices in Viviparus snails aged one to three years. After three years of life, mature females have significantly larger shell width, higher body whorl, and size of the aperture. Females of V. viviparus at the age of two to five years may be differentiated from males by the relationship of mean shell width and shell height, which is statistically significant higher than in males. This difference is explained by the different size of the mantle section genital organs of mature male and female. The obtained results should be taken into consideration in establishing the sex of viviparid snails.