Nine kinds of novel cytokines identified in children with lead exposure

¹ Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Bukidnon 8714, Philippines
² Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, 255036, China
³ Center for Biodiversity Research and Extension in Mindanao, Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Bukidnon 8714, Philippines
⁴ Microtechnique and Systematics Laboratory, Natural Science Research Center, Musuan, Bukidnon 8714, Philippines
⁵ School of Nursing, Anhui Sanlian University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China

^* zhangxuezhong2021phu@gmail.com

Abstract

Lead (Pb) is a neurotoxic heavy metal element with many recognized adverse health side effects, and its main target of lead toxicity is the central nervous system. The mechanism of lead toxicity is still uncertain. However, there are few studies investigated the cytokines changes caused by lead exposure in children. The BLLs was quantified using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The novel cytokines were detected by RayBio^@ Human Cytokine Antibody Array. A total of 4 children with elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) and 4 children with low BLLs were chosen in the study. Volcano plot analysis was performed to identify significant proteins, with the criteria: P value <0.05 and log2 fold change >1. The mean BLLs of children with elevated BLLs (5.675±1.018 μg/dL) has significant difference compared with those with low BLLs (1.975±0.3966 μg/dL) (P=0.0148, t=3.385). And 9 kinds of novel cytokines were identified. The expression of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-17 was significantly up-regulated, while the expression of BDNF, BMP-4, IGF-1, IL-7, IL-10 and Leptin was significantly down-regulated.