Environmental Protection Areas as a Strategy to Increase Flood Protection in Metropolitan Regions: A Case Study in Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

¹ Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pedro Calmon 550, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
² Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pedro Calmon 550, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
³ Mestrado Profissional em Arquitetura Paisagística, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pedro Calmon 550, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
⁴ Programa de Engenharia Ambiental, Escola Politécnica & Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
⁵ Programa de Engenharia Civil, COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
⁶ Programa de Engenharia Urbana, Escola Politécnica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

^* Corresponding author: maria.gomes@fau.ufrj.br

Abstract

In peripheral countries, the lack of adequate urban planning associated with natural dynamics intensifies the existing vulnerabilities of the environment, causing physical and material losses. Therefore, this research aims to discuss the potential use of Environmental Protection Areas as a tool to drive urban growth with a low-impact development, helping to mitigate urban floods and bringing nature into the city landscape. The municipality of Maricá, located in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is taken as a case study. The method proposed to drive the regional environmental planning and management can be described as a three-stage method coupled with the adapted SWOT Matrix, following: the diagnosis, the prognosis, and the action plan. This process points to the definition of a Hydrological Interest Area that would allow not only the restoration of local vegetation and a better interaction of the population with the watercourses, but also the recovery of areas that have been gradually impacted by the urban expansion. The method presented in this research allows its application in different urban contexts, once it has the objective of recognizing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to allow the elaboration of sustainable actions and guidelines.