The Effect of Global Warming on The Incidence of Malaria: Distribution of Anopheles sp. in Indonesia

¹ Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
² Primatology Study Program, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
³ School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: risq001@brin.go.id

Abstract

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the female Anopheles mosquito vector. Malaria is still a cause of death worldwide, especially in young children. Malaria prevention needs to be done comprehensively so that it can be overcome optimally, one of which is the anopheles vector. Anopheles' development is influenced by the environment. World warming dramatically affects the development of anopheles because it requires an optimal temperature of 25-32oC to go through the life cycle to produce adult mosquitoes. Studies on the effect of global warming on anopheles’ resistance are needed in order to know how mosquito resistance is to global warming and can take precautions to prevent mosquito breeding. A systematic literature review. We search keywords climatic change, global warming, anopheles, malaria, and Indonesia in Pubmed, Google, and ResearchGate. We found 30 kinds of literature and screening based on inclusion criteria, and last, we only have 13 articles that we analyzed to answer our questions. A literature search showed that Anopheles's development is influenced by the environment. Anopheles likes the tropics because it has optimal temperature and humidity. The majority of Anopheles that vector simian malaria also cause malaria in humans. Indonesia has a diversity of anopheles spread from Sumatra to Papua. Global warming, which can increase the earth's temperature, has an influence on the development of Anopheles mosquitoes as vectors of malaria Introduction