Metal structures as the basis of architectural design

Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, 26, Yaroslavskoye Shosse, Moscow 129337, Russia

¹ Corresponding author: arkmt@mail.ru

Abstract

The article is devoted to the role of metal structures in solving the architectural and artistic image of the facility. If earlier metal structures were associated with industrial facilities, facilities of engineering or transportation infrastructure, in modern architecture metal structures create an architectural image in absolutely any type of buildings and facilities. New technologies and changes in the metal itself contribute to the creation of memorable images. Four main techniques for using metal structures have been identified. The first technique is the traditional solution in the form of a load-bearing metal frame in the building structure, when all the metal is hidden. Most high-rise buildings in the world are built according to this scheme. The second technique is open metal structures, which are the main architectural details of facades and the entire architectural and planning solution, such as the Bird's Nest Stadium in Beijing. The third technique is when the metal itself serves more of a decorative function. The metal plasticity and the surface finishes versatility contribute to the creation of memorable images. The fourth technique is metal structures for large-span structures that work for both the interior space of the facility and its exterior perception.