Scientifically based method for correcting the metabolic processes of highly productive cows in a biogeochemical province

South Ural State Agrarian University, Gagarin Street 13, 457100 Troitsk, Russia

^* Corresponding author: Smolentsev82@mail.ru

Abstract

The present study describes the features of the metabolic processes correction in cows with clinical signs of microelementosis (hypocobaltosis, hypocuprosis, rumen acidosis) in the biogeochemical province of the Chelyabinsk region. Study of the anamnesis showed that the deficiency of essential microelements (copper, cobalt, zinc, manganese), excess of iron and the presence of heavy metals (nickel) in environmental objects (soil, water, feed), in the blood of animals, deficiency of sugar, vitamins and low sugar-protein ratio in the feed ration caused the metabolic disorders and diseases of non-contagious etiology (hypocobaltosis, hypocuprosis, rumen acidosis) in the body of highly productive cows. Presence of metabolic disorders was confirmed by the results of morpho- biochemical studies of the blood of cows. In accordance with the purpose of the work, two groups of cows (experimental and control) of the first lactation trimester, 10 heads each, were formed using the principle of analogues. Metabolic disorders in the experimental group of cows were corrected using a complex daily therapy that included beet molasses (1.5 kg in a 1:3 dilution), sunflower cake (1.5 kg), I-sak 1026 (YEA-SACC1026) yeast culture at the rate of 1 g per 1 ton of planned milk (5-7 g per head per day) and “targeted” mineral premix (salts of cobalt sulfate (760 mg), copper sulfate (570 mg), manganese sulfate (650 mg), zinc sulfate (450 mg)). The mineral enterosorbent Vitartil (0.1 g/kg of body weight) was applied daily, in cycles of 15 days with an interval of 15 days. The duration of the experiment was 45 days. Corrective treatment was not performed in the control group of animals. The level of essential microelements in the blood of experimental cows increased on the 45th day of the study, whereas the level of iron and the toxic element nickel decreased compared to the background and values of the control group. Correction of metabolic processes was accompanied by an increase in the content of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, glucose, total protein, albumins in the blood of cows, a decrease in transamination enzymes, proteins of the β-globulins and γ- globulins classes, normalization of the clinical status of animals, improvement of cicatricial digestion, an increase in milk productivity and reproductive ability of cows. The correction of metabolic processes, carried out in the experimental group, gave a positive effect, but did not lead to a complete normalization of the parameters characterizing all types of cow metabolism, so it is necessary to continue the treatment.