Research on the Low-Temperature Stability of Anode and Electrolyte of Lithium-ion Battery

School of Materials and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China

^* Corresponding author: 210505102944@bitzh.edu.cn

Abstract

With the acceleration of technological progress, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become one of the indispensable forms of energy in modern life and play a crucial role. However, its performance degradation in low-temperature environments remains a key factor restricting its further development. In particular, as the core components of LIBs, the stability of electrodes and electrolytes at low temperatures directly determines the overall performance of the battery. Specifically, the fluidity of the electrolyte is significantly reduced at low temperatures, while lithium-ions at the negative electrode are more easily precipitated, leading to the formation of lithium dendrites, which together affect the safety and life of the battery. This paper systematically analyses the latest advances in structure regulation and design of anode materials and electrolytes through an in-depth study of the low-temperature stability of LIBs. Modification methods for these key materials are described in detail, including strategies for optimising electrolyte additives and their positive effects on enhancing battery performance at low temperatures. In addition, the article discusses potential directions for future research in this area, aiming to provide guidance and reference for improving the performance of LIBs for applications in low-temperature environments.