Factors and problems of chemical pollution of soils in Uzbekistan

¹ Tashkent State Agrarian University, Tashkent, 100140, Uzbekistan
² Research Institute of Soil Sciences and Agrochemical Studies, Tashkent, 100095, Uzbekistan

^* Corresponding author: gulmira_sulton@mail.ru

Abstract

The article delves into the pressing issue of soil contamination by heavy metals, providing a comprehensive overview of how elements like lead, cadmium, and zinc accumulate in soil environments. Highlighting the extensive factors that contribute to this accumulation, it draws attention to the industrial activities, agricultural practices, and environmental pollution, especially from vehicular emissions along highways, that significantly contribute to the problem. The negative impact of heavy metals on soil health is a focal point, with specific emphasis on the decline in soil's biological activity and the reduction in levels of vital nutrients such as nitrogen, in both ammonium and nitrate forms, which are crucial for plant growth and soil fertility. Moreover, the article sheds light on the consequences of heavy metal accumulation not only on soil health but also on the broader ecosystem and human health, considering the potential for these metals to enter the food chain. It specifically mentions the findings from scientific studies conducted in the soils of the Surkhandarya and Namangan regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as in districts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. These studies reveal concerning levels of heavy metal contamination that exceed permissible norms (PN), indicating a significant environmental issue that requires urgent attention.