Synergy between Embedded and Non-Embedded Sensors in IoT Networks for Structural Health Monitoring of Concrete Structures: A Literature Review

¹ LIMAS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar-Mahraz, 30000 Fez, Morocco
² LISAC Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar-Mahraz, 30000 Fez, Morocco

^* Corresponding author: oumayma.najem@usmba.ac.ma

Abstract

The natural aging process of civil constructions results in material degradation, which lowers the structure’s resilience and serviceability. To prevent tragic malfunctions, this natural eventuality needs to be monitored closely. While in situ, non-intrusive, periodic techniques have become more popular, however, a remote and continuous monitoring solution is still required. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is increasingly embraced thanks to advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) being combined and infused. The main topics of this review are the foundations of SHM as a form of Non-intrusive evaluations and how it connects to the Internet of Things (IoT) for civil constructions. This paper also covers the numerous kinds of sensors that are utilized for SHM, namely embedded sensors including piezoelectric and fiber optic sensors, and non-embedded sensors such as accelerometers and strain gauges. Through case studies, the practical applications of SHM are illustrated, emphasizing its effectiveness in real-world scenarios. Additionally, this review also discusses the difficulties of the automatic damage detection of structures, and the need for innovative solutions. Ultimately, this study emphasizes the economic advantages linked to the application of SHM.