A Critical Perspective on the Electricity Energy Policies of African Countries

Political Science And International Relations, University of Bozok, 66200, Yozgat / Turkey

Corresponding author’s email: andac.karabulut@bozok.edu.tr

Abstract

In the 21st century, significant investments and research in electricity, a vital energy need, are being made as fossil fuels decline and governments seek more sustainable sources. In 2020, the International Energy Agency allocated $1.34 trillion to enhance clean energy production, with a 25% increase from 2021 to 2023. Post-COVID-19, efforts continue to create policies that prevent rising energy costs from impacting consumers, with government spending on affordability nearing $630 billion, particularly in Europe. However, viewing this situation through the lens of developed or developing countries may be overly optimistic. This study analyzes the energy needs of Botswana, Lesotho, Zambia, and Zimbabwe and their implications for the region’s demographic and economic structure. This study aims to adopt a multidisciplinary approach, examining renewable energy policies in Africa, particularly electricity policies, within a critical framework of social sciences alongside technical studies.