Understanding Adolescent Risk Behaviors: Insights from a School-Based Health Student Survey

Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Pekalongan, Central Java, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: srimumpuni@unikal.ac.id

Abstract

Adolescence is a critical phase for establishing lifelong health behaviors; however, its often marked by risky practices that face significant health problems. This study explored the prevalence of risky health behaviors among 252 high school students aged 15–18 years using the Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS). This survey assesses reproductive health awareness, smoking habits, HIV/AIDS knowledge, and physical activity. The results revealed that over half (53%) of the students lacked basic awareness of reproductive health, including safe practices and risk identification. Smoking behavior was reported by 19% of students, with some initiating as early as age 10 years old, influenced significantly by peer pressure. Less than 40% of students understanding about HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention. Furthermore, physical inactivity was prevalent, with more than 60% of students engaging in less than the recommended 60 minutes of daily physical activity. These results highlight critical deficiencies in adolescent health knowledge and behaviors, emphasizing the need for targeted, school-based health education programs. Comprehensive initiatives focusing on reproductive health, smoking prevention, HIV/AIDS awareness, and physical activity promotion are essential to empower students to make informed choices and adopt healthier lifestyles, reducing their long-term health risks.