The role of precision tool positioning in enhancing machining accuracy

Tashkent State Technical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

^* Corresponding author: oybektuyboyov85@gmail.com

Abstract

This study explores advanced methodologies for enhancing the precision and efficiency of CNC machining through the integration of experimental, computational, and simulation-based techniques. Utilizing tools such as laser interferometers, autocollimators, and predictive thermal simulations, the research addresses critical challenges in tool positioning accuracy caused by thermal fluctuations and geometric errors. Compensation strategies reduced thermal errors by 15%, while kinematic calibration mitigated angular discrepancies by 10%. Furthermore, the application of Setup-Maps (S-Maps) and Tolerance-Maps (T-Maps) optimized fixture design, reducing setup time by 25% and improving machining precision by 30%. Hybrid optimization techniques, including genetic algorithms, effectively balanced the trade-off between precision and productivity, achieving a 10% reduction in production time without sacrificing accuracy. Real-time calibration, IoT-enabled predictive maintenance, and collaborative robots (Cobots) further enhanced machining reliability, increasing operational uptime by 15% and reducing tool positioning errors by 18%. These advancements enabled sub-micron accuracy in high-precision applications, demonstrating their relevance to industries such as aerospace and medical devices. This research establishes a robust framework for improving CNC machining operations by addressing thermal and geometric errors, optimizing fixture design, and leveraging Industry 4.0 technologies. The proposed methods not only enhance machining precision but also contribute to sustainable manufacturing by minimizing downtime, energy consumption, and waste, paving the way for smarter and more efficient production systems.