Premarital Preconception Health: A Cross-Sectional Study of Multidimensional Factors Shaping Physical and Psychological Preparedness among Indonesian Youth

¹ Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Pekajangan Pekalongan, Pekalongan, Indonesia
² Faculty of Health Science, UIN Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Early marriage remains common in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas, and often leads to adolescent pregnancy with adverse consequences for both mothers and infants. Strengthening preconception preparedness before marriage may help prevent adolescent pregnancy and reduce early pregnancy complications. This study aimed to identify factors influencing the physical and psychological readiness of unmarried Indonesian youth for marriage and preconception. A quantitative cross-sectional design was used. A total of 524 unmarried youths from ten provinces in Indonesia were recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression were used for analysis. Age was significantly associated with physical readiness for premarital and preconception health (p = 0.016; OR = 0.612). Exercise habits were also associated with physical readiness (p = 0.005; OR = 1.78). Sleep quality showed a strong association with physical readiness (p < 0.001; OR = 5.11) and was also significantly associated with psychological readiness (p = 0.004; OR = 1.68). In multivariate analysis, sleep quality emerged as the strongest predictor of readiness (p < 0.001; Exp(B) = 3.96), followed by exercise habits. These findings highlight the importance of sleep quality, regular exercise, and mental readiness in preparing youth for premarital and preconception health. Cross-sector collaboration is needed to strengthen supportive policies and programs in Indonesia.