Detection of Rail Defects Using Phased Array Ultrasonic Technique Nichapa Phrommahakul, Manwika Kongpuang, Suhaidee Sani, Anas Katib and Fittriya Sulong E3S Web Conf., 602 (2025) 01009 Published online: 14 January 2025 DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202560201009