Excessive smartphone use symptoms associated with psychological distress as consequence of early phase COVID-19 restrictions

^a University Hassan First of Settat, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Settat, Morocco
^b Ibn Tofail University, Faculty of Sciences, Kenitra, Morocco
^c Biology department, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, Morocco
^d High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Errachidia, Morocco
^e Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Moulay Ismail University, Errachidia, Morocco

^* Corresponding author: fatine.hadrya@uhp.ac.ma

Abstract

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been associated to various mental health problems and its consequences such as lock-down and social distancing were linked to various adaptations forms including increased smartphone usage. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of symptoms related to smartphone excessive use and to detect smartphone addiction symptoms related to general psychological distress. Participants were (N=260) surveyed during the first two weeks of lockdown measure. Online measures were introduced including sociodemographic background, Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (SAS-SV), and the Brief Symptoms Inventory (BSI). Among 260 Moroccan adults, the prevalence of excessive smartphone use was 48.4% (women: 59.6% / men: 40.4%). Withdrawal, preoccupation, simultaneous presence of withdrawal and tolerance, with or without preoccupation, were significantly more observed among female users (p=.019, p=.042, p=.023 and p=.003; respectively). Comparing excessive smartphone users to non-excessive users, GSI and all BSI dimensions, showed higher significant difference in mean scores (r ranging from .15 to .31). SAS-SV total score was positively correlated with general distress (rho=.19, p<.05), depression (rho=.27, p<.01), and paranoid ideation (rho=.20, p<.05) in excessive smartphone users. Smartphone excessive use appears strongly associated with general distress, regardless of the circumstances. The results of this work provide sufficient evidence for the implementation of psychological interventions in general population during possible lock down measures or potential quarantine for potential next pandemic waves.