Characterization of carbonate rocks using seismic wave for tunnel design stability

¹ Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
² College of Graduate Studies, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, 43000, Malaysia
³ Department of Environmental Geography, Faculty of Geography, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: rohayu@uniten.edu.my, ratihfitria.putri@ugm.ac.id

Abstract

The design and construction of a tunnel depends on the mechanical properties of the rock mass around the tunnel. Seismic method can be used to characterize the dynamic properties of rocks. The technique is mostly conducted in geophysical surveys and geotechnical investigations. The method utilizes reflected sound waves that can be used to describe the dynamic properties of rocks. Physical properties of carbonate rocks such as water content, density, hardness, permeability, porosity, wave velocity and abrasivity can be assessed and estimated using P-wave velocity. One of the important characteristics in rock is its ability to remain stable. In this research, seismic refraction survey was applied to measure the strength of carbonate rocks for tunnel stability design. The findings revealed that the regression between the primary velocity and the uniaxial compressive strength R² was 0.8592, indicating that the rock was firm and solid. Observation by physical visual test showed that the rock samples with yellowish-grey and light grey colours were categorized in the weathering grade II and III, respectively. The results have concluded that the rocks in the proposed area met the full requirements for tunnelling construction.