Nanomaterials for Healthcare Applications: A Sustainable Approach

¹ Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
² Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
³ Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India
⁴ Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
⁵ Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India
⁶ G D Goenka University, Haryana, India

^* Corresponding author: harminder.singh@lpu.co.in

Abstract

Nanomaterials have become increasingly important in the field of healthcare, providing novel approaches for diagnosis, treatment, and drug delivery. This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications of nanoparticles, with a particular emphasis on sustainability. The experimental data showed differences in the size of nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles had an average size of 25 nm, followed by iron oxide (20 nm), silver (30 nm), and titanium (15 nm). The drug loading efficiency was assessed and the results showed that gold nanoparticles had the highest efficiency with paclitaxel (80%). Titanium had a loading efficiency of 90% for insulin, iron oxide had 85% for curcumin, and silver had 75% for doxorubicin. The results of the in vitro cell viability assays indicate that the nanoparticles are cytocompatible. Among the nanoparticles tested, gold nanoparticles demonstrated the highest cell viability, reaching 95% at a concentration of 10 µg/mL. The biodegradation rate analysis revealed that gold nanoparticles exhibited a slower degradation, with 80% of their mass remaining after 21 days. Similarly, silver nanoparticles showed a degradation rate of 82%, iron oxide nanoparticles at 78%, and titanium nanoparticles at 85%. The results of this study emphasize the potential of nanomaterials in sustainable healthcare applications. They provide opportunities for precise drug delivery, improved imaging techniques, and targeted therapeutics that have a reduced environmental impact. In order to overcome obstacles like biocompatibility assessment, regulatory approval, and scalability, it is crucial to foster interdisciplinary collaborations and maintain ongoing research efforts. These endeavors will facilitate the translation of nanotechnologies from laboratory settings to practical applications, ultimately leading to enhanced patient outcomes.