Window views psychological effects on indoor thermal perception: A comparison experiment based on virtual reality environments

¹ Tongji University, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, 200092 1239 Siping Road, China
² University of Hawaii at Manoa, School of Architecture, 96822 1899 University Ave, USA
³ Zhejiang University, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, 314299 Xiangfudang Sci-tech Innovation Green Valley, China

^* Corresponding author: Dxsong@tongji.edu.cn

Abstract

Previous studies have indicated that window views significantly impact residents’ indoor thermal perception, but the exact pathways and extent of this cross-modal influence are not fully understood. This research explores how outdoor visual attributes affect indoor thermal comfort through visual-thermal interaction, potentially aiding energy reduction in built environments. Utilizing the Landscape Visual Quality Assessment (LVQA) method, the study quantified window views with five green visibility indicators in 16 virtual environments. The experiment involved 24 participants in two temperature settings, revealing that specific window view attributes notably affect thermal perception and emotional responses. Elevated Biophilic Design Attributes and a heightened Visible Green Index correlate with increased thermal comfort. An augmented Sky View Factor and Color Richness may be associated with an elevated thermal sensation. However, Observer Landscape Distance appears to have no significant correlation with thermal perception. The findings highlight that positive emotional dimensions correlate with improved thermal comfort and acceptance, whereas negative emotions are associated with discomfort. This study elucidates the interactive effects of window view attributes on thermal perception, providing valuable insights for energy-efficient outdoor environment design.