A methodological approach for vertical greening systems modeling optimization: A case study in Athens, Greece

¹ School of Architecture, Technical University of Crete - TUC, 73100, Chania, Greece
² Architecture and Design Department - DAD, University of Genova, 16123, Genova, Italy
³ Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences – DISTAV, University of Genova, 16123, Genova, Italy

Abstract

Vertical greening systems (VGS) are artificial niches enriching cityscapes with ecosystem services. To accurately define these services, studying various species’ performance within VGS due to differing plant variables, such as Leaf Area Index (LAI), is crucial. This study quantifies the performance of two north-oriented VGS scenarios for microclimate regulation using ENVI_met’s three-dimensional CFD model in Athens, Greece. The first scenario considers a Hedera helix L. monoculture with default plant variables. The second scenario replicates real-lif e temporal and spatial changes of three plant species by modifying ENVI_met database variables, accounting for site specificity. For a typical Mediterranean summer day, the study evaluates the scenarios’ impact on microclimatic conditions and outdoor thermal comfort, considering indices like mean radiant temperature (MRT) and universal thermal climate index (UTCI) at pedestrian level, through simulations and statistical analysis. Results show minimal impact of the second scenario on microclimatic conditions and outdoor thermal comfort compared to the default scenario. The research highlights key aspects of modeling optimization and emphasizes the necessity of thorough analysis of contextual specifics and climatic data for effective VGS incorporation and optimal microclimate performance.