Optimal exploitation of water resources in Muthanna Governorate Iraq Using (RS) and (GIS) technologies

¹ Forests and Desertification Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Iraq
² Extention and Training Office, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Iraq

^* Corresponding author: maitham_1982@yahoo.com

Abstract

This study employs an analytical approach combined with spatial description by utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques. It focuses on deriving digital elevation contour lines, calculating slope direction and steepness, and determining water flow in valleys along with their expected ranks during rainfall and floods. It also suggests water harvesting measures and establishes essential criteria for implementing modern methods in project execution within the study area. Additionally, it monitors temperature variations, rainfall patterns, and demographic distribution, as well as paved roads, using LANDSAT satellite imagery and Digital Elevation Models (DEM). The results indicate a direct impact on the optimal utilization of water resources (rainfall and floods) through groundwater replenishment, erosion prevention, and the collection of water for grazing and agriculture. There is also a direct influence on surface soil layers and vegetation cover, which in turn affects the movement of herders and population distribution by selecting suitable locations based on modern techniques with reliable outcomes, unlike choices made in areas that do not utilize these technologies. Furthermore, a relationship was observed between population distribution, transportation lines, water availability, and their susceptibility to climatic conditions.