Monitoring changes in the marshes of Mesopotamia using multispectral remote sensing data

Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq

^* Corresponding author: jehan.sabeeh@nahrainuniv.edu.iq

Abstract

The central focus addressed in this study revolves around the transformation that has occurred in wetlands. It is of utmost importance to acknowledge that the intensified desiccation of wetlands and lakes spanning over a vast expanse of 10,000 km bears immense significance for the provincial ecosystem and micro-climate, consequently impacting the well-being of individuals. These ramifications encompass alterations in precipitation patterns, consistent elevation in temperatures, particularly during prolonged and scorching summer seasons, as well as the presence of relentless dry winds unhindered by the protective presence of reed beds. The primary focus addressed within this work pertains to the transformation occurring within wetlands. In order to gain a comprehensive insight into these alterations in land cover within the designated study area, data derived from the Landsat satellite was utilized, specifically utilizing scenes characterized by path 166 and rows 38 and 39 during varying years, namely 1985, 1998, and 2016. It is important to note that Landsat imageries have the capacity to visually document marshes at a scale of 30 meters. Particularly, this investigation places particular emphasis on the dynamic changes transpiring within these marshes using remote sensing and GIS technologies as cost-effective techniques. The results show diminishing water and vegetation cover, and the land has become mostly arid. This is primarily due to human intervention including political decisions and dams on the major rivers that supply water to the region.