Comparison between two different quantum models of ball lightning

Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio Wave Propagation FEB RAS, Paratunka, Kamchatka, Russia

^* e-mail: vvkuz38@mail.ru

Abstract

Two models of ball lightning are compared here. Each model is quantum. One of them was proposed by American and Finnish physics [1], who were the first to create three-dimensional skyrmions – particles in Bose- Einstein condensate with an ordered spin structure where central and boundary spins are opposite directed. A stable knot between electric and magnetic fields in a three-dimensional skyrmion is treated by the authors as a quantum model of ball lightning (BL). The next model proposed here proceeds from quantum entanglement (QE) of protons in hydrogen bonds (HBP) inside atmosphere oversaturated water vapour [2]. Two other quantum models issued in 1937 and 2007 are mentioned here. Origin of high-energy particles flux inside clouds as conditions for its origin when dark lightning [3] precede ordinary one creating additional ionization, fluxes of fast electrons with MeV energy prior to lightning which is initiating BL, glow, sprites are considered. All phenomena listed above appear to be of general nature resulting from QE of HBP in overstable water clusters (tetramers) inside clouds. Comparing models introduced above we use the estimation of BL capacity to enter via glass as a key parameter. Unexplained in BL models this frequently observed phenomenon as well as many other such as the BL transparency, its coldness and hiss become obviously explicable in the context of our model.