Modeling of shear stiffness reduction from database of axial load tests on pile foundations

¹ Purdue University Fort Wayne, 2101 East Coliseum Boulevard, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805-1499, USA
² Georgia Institute of Technology, 790 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA

^* Corresponding author: niazif@pfw.edu

Abstract

Initiating at the small-strain shear modulus (G_max), the mechanical nonlinear stress-strain-strength behavior of soil manifests in the form of modulus reduction, typically expressed in normalized form as G_op/G_max. Here, G_op is the operative shear modulus – a reduced stiffness value corresponding to strain levels that the soil is experiencing. Assessment of G_op is critical to reliable predictions of load-related deformations within the soil. Among the various categories of loading, deep foundations and pilings exhibit a typical mechanism of axial load transfer to the foundation soil. For friction type piles, the stiffness reduction mostly takes place along the pile shaft-soil interface. Within the framework of an analytical solution, the back analyses from the results of load tests on pile foundations, together with the knowledge of pile geometries and soil parameters, provide an outline for evaluation of G_op at different load increments. This paper explains the methodology employed to develop stiffness reduction curves (G_op/G_max) as a function of pseudo-strain (γp = w_t/d), where, w_t = settlement at the pile top, and d = pile diameter. Algorithms that integrate the plasticity characteristics of the soil are also presented. The results afford an improved evaluation of the complete nonlinear load-settlement (Q-w_t) response for pile foundations under axial loads.