Issue |
E3S Web Conf.
Volume 98, 2019
16th International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction (WRI-16) and 13th International Symposium on Applied Isotope Geochemistry (1st IAGC International Conference)
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Article Number | 13003 | |
Number of page(s) | 4 | |
Section | Innovative Methods for Characterizing Metal and Nutrient Budgets in the Present and Past Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments. The Session Dedicated to Tom Bullen’s Memory | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199813003 | |
Published online | 07 June 2019 |
Measuring reaction rates at equilibrium with the isotope doping method
1
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
2
Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
3
Northwest University, Department of Geology, State Key Laboratory Continental Dynamic, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China, 710069
* Corresponding author: chenzhu@indiana.edu
Since the time of J. H. van’t Hoff [1], it has been known that chemical equilibrium is dynamic, meaning that at equilibrium, chemical reactions do not cease, but instead the forward and backward reaction rates are equal. The constant concentrations at equilibrium preclude the use of concentrations to measure reaction rates at equilibrium. Therefore, with the exception of a few special cases, no reaction rates at equilibrium have been published in the literature of chemistry, physics, or chemical engineering. Here we report dissolution and precipitation rates at equilibrium for quartz and barite with the isotope-doping method. Experimental data show that dissolution and precipitation rates are equal at equilibrium, indicating the principle of detailed balance (PDB) appear to be applicable at these experimental conditions. The PDB has been a cornerstone for irreversible thermodynamics and chemical kinetics for a long time, and its wide application in geochemistry has mostly been implicit and without experimental testing of its applicability. Nevertheless, many extrapolations based on PDB without experimental validation have far reaching impacts on society’s mega environmental enterprises. The isotope doping method appears to able to test its applicability for a variety of minerals at a wide range of conditions.
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2019
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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