Vulnerability assessment of residential buildings to tidal flood hazards in Sriwulan Village, Sayung District, Demak Regency

Departement of Environmental Geography, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: dyah.hizbaron@ugm.ac.id

Abstract

Tidal floods are among the destructive hazards to coastal settlements. In December of 2017, extreme tidal floods impacted 3, 500 houses in Sriwulan Village, Sayung District, Demak Regency. This research was intended to (1) asses the vulnerability levels of the residential buildings and (2) analyze the most influencing factors. The assessment was based on the scenarios built with a 150cm-high tidal flood, as observed during the 2017 event and projected for the subsequent five years (2022). The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) were used in four scenarios, namely, hazard, physical, environmental, and economic. The equal scenario was also developed as a comparison to the first four scenarios to achieve the second objective. Based on the physical, environmental, and equal scenarios, 22 houses distributed throughout most of the areas of Nyangkringan Sub-Village fell into the category of highly vulnerable. The most determinants of the vulnerability are related to the physical and environmental parameters. The former includes the design flood elevation, building maintenance, and building materials, while the latter consists of the source of tidal floods and their preventive measures, distance to water bodies, and accessibility.