Properties, processes and modes characterizing the state of heavy metals in soils

¹ Moscow Aviation Institute, 125993 Moscow, Russia
² Russian State Agrarian University–Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, 127550 Moscow, Russia
³ Kuban State Agrarian University, 350044 Krasnodar, Russia
⁴ Irkutsk national research technical University, 664074 Irkutsk, Russia

^* Corresponding author: tno73@yandex.ru

Abstract

The study proves the expediency of assessing the state of heavy metals in soils by the fractional composition of soil compounds, processes and modes. An informational and energy analysis of the state of heavy metals in soils was carried out. The need for an assessment of the kinetics of their desorption from soils was substantiated. The CH₃ COONH₄ solution displaced 0.3 mg/l Mn from the sod-podzolic soil within 10 minutes, 0.8 mg/l Mn – within 1 hour, 3.3 mg/l Mn – within 1 day, and 12.9 mg/l – within one week; 0.18 mg/L Pb was desorbed within 10 minutes, up to 0.59 mg/l Pb was desorbed within one day. The depositing capacity of soils is an important parameter. Heavy metals in soils are bound into positively and negatively charged systems at рКН of 2-10. In the sod-podzolic soil, the content of NiLn⁺ was 13.3 mg/l and NiLn-- 1.9 mg/l. According to the informational assessment, heavy metals in soils are characterized by the relationship with other soil properties and change along the soil profile, which was determined from the equations of pair correlation and multiple regression. According to the energy assessment, heavy metals in soils are characterized by thermal effects of their sorption and desorption and have positively and negatively charged complex compounds and air ions