Detoxification mechanisms in oxidative stress and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in gills of gambusia fish (Gambusia affinis) exposed to Cadmium

¹ Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Ibrahimy, Situbondo, Indonesia
² Research Center for Limnology, The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia
³ Aquaculture, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, University of Tadulako, Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
⁴ Technology of Fisheries Product, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Yudharta, Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia
⁵ Polytechnics of Marine and Fisheries, KKP, Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia
⁶ Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: moha@lipi.go.id

Abstract

This research aims to measure and analyze oxidative stress and ROS, aside from analyzing the detoxification mechanism in the gill of gambusia fish exposed to Cd. During maintenance and acclimatization, fish were fed pellets with smooth water circulation. After seven days of acclimation, the test fish were then transferred to a 4-liter aquarium. Before treatment, fish are fasted for 24 hours to ensure the stomach is empty. The study used 5 treatment groups with 1 control (C), treatment A: 0.03; B: 0.015; C: 0.011; D: 0.007; E: 0.003 (mg/L). The results showed a significant difference between the treatment and control groups (p <0.05). Treatments A and B were showed the highest reactive levels. Stress caused by Cd can increase ROS activity in the gill of gambusia fish. The production of ROS and the exposure to Cd stressors trigger the production of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). This study concludes that exposure to Cd in juvenile gambusia fish causes oxidative stress through increased antioxidant enzymes and ROS. Analysis related to the mechanism of detoxification of heavy metals in the body of juvenile gambusia fish.