Simulation of demand response on buildings and district heating production

¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
² FinEst Centre for Smart Cities, TalTech, Tallinn, Estonia
³ Department of Environmental Engineering, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
⁴ Competence Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (CC4E), Hamburg, Germany
⁵ College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
⁶ Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

^* corresponding author: yuchen.ju@aalto.fi

Abstract

Demand response (DR) has effectively maximized renewable energies integrated into energy supply systems. This paper investigated DR benefits on three building types and the district heating (DH) production of a community consisted by these buildings in German conditions. Firstly, the buildings and the DH production were simulated without DR by tools IDA-ICE and HGSO, separately. Secondly, the three buildings were simulated by a rule-based DR control. After that, the tool HGSO calculated the total production costs and CO₂ emissions based on the power demand with DR. The results show 2.8%-4.8% heating cost savings by DR for different building types. For DH producers, DR application reduces the total DH demand and CO₂ emissions by 3.8% and 32.3 %, respectively.