The Effect of Mangosteen Varieties as Dyes and ZnO Nanostructures Mixture to DSSC - Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Characteristics

¹ Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Jl. Teknik Kimia, Sukolilo Surabaya, 60117, East Java, Indonesia
² National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry (NCEPC), University of Peshawar 25120, Pakistan

^* Corresponding author: lizda@ep.its.ac.id

Abstract

Dye-sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) based on ZnO nanostructures has been fabricated using mangosteen peel extract as dyes using the Yonekawa method and the Grätzel method. This research synthesized ZnO nanostructures with nanoparticles, nanorods, nanoflower, and nanotree morphologies. Two different morphological structures of ZnO were mixed with the ratio of 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25, and the performance of the DSSC was investigated. The dye used in the DSSC was extracted from mangosteen peel of different varieties obtained from Blitar, Purwakarta, and Gede Bage. The highest anthocyanin levels were obtained from the Gede Bage sample with a value of 105.774 mg L⁻¹. The results of the I-V curve measurement showed that the most stable values of open-circuit voltage (V_oc) and short circuit current (I_sc) were obtained from the dye extracted from the Blitar sample with the value of 0.312 V and 3 μA respectively for the Yonekawa method (0.001 28 % efficiency) as well as 0.222 V and 5.5 μA respectively for the Grätzel method (0.00264 % efficiency). The best efficiency was obtained from the mixtures of nanoparticles (75) : nanotrees (25) with the value of 0.034 77 % (0.285 V V_oc, 27.5 μA I_sc, and FF 26.5 %) using the Yonekawa method.