Exploration of treatment technology for heavy metal wastewater

¹ HIGH SCHOOL ATTACHED TO SHANGDONG NORMAL UNIVERSITY. No. 3, Shanshi North Street, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province ;
² Hunan Changjun High School International Department. Changjun Bilingual Experimental Middle School, NO.328 Chazishan Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013
³ The High School Attached to Northwest Normal University. No. 21, Shilidian South Street, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070
⁴ Hefei University of Technology A-Level Center. Room229, West Teaching Building, Hefei University of Technology, NO.193 Tunxi Road, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230009
⁵ University College London. University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT

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^a jackliang1026@163.com
^b lzh2022w@yeah.net
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^d jacklin2022@yeah.net

Abstract

Among the current pollutants in our water bodies, the one that has the greatest degree of pollution and impact on the water environment is heavy metal wastewater. Various heavy metal ions in water bodies can seriously disrupt the ecological balance of water bodies and spread throughout the biosphere through the natural material cycle and other means. Excess heavy metal ions not only seriously endanger the health of aquatic organisms, but can also enrich in animals and even humans, posing a serious threat to human health and causing failure or damage to vital organs such as the human internal organs and brain. The common heavy metal ions in existing water bodies are Cu²⁺, Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺ etc. Due to their inherent difficulty in degradation, enrichment and persistence, heavy metal ions make heavy metal wastewater treatment different from other traditional pollutant treatment methods. This paper examines the two main techniques currently used to remove heavy metals from water bodies: physical, chemical and biological techniques, and summarises the advantages and disadvantages of both methods. It is proposed that future treatment methods for heavy metal wastewater should develop an environmentally friendly and efficient systematic approach based on biotechnology and synergistic multi-technologies.