Issue |
E3S Web Conf.
Volume 430, 2023
15th International Conference on Materials Processing and Characterization (ICMPC 2023)
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | 01231 | |
Number of page(s) | 13 | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343001231 | |
Published online | 06 October 2023 |
Heterogeneous catalyst synthesis from Ribbon vittata shells and its characterization for biodiesel production from Blighia sapida seed oil
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment University of Johannesburg, South Africa
2 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
The global campaign to achieve net zero emissions have necessitated the switch from fossil fuels to biofuels. Owing to the limited resources and high overall production costs, the use of biobased materials has been considered as an economic approach to produce low carbon emitting biofuels. The utilization of heterogeneous catalyst synthesized from Ribbon vittata shells for biodiesel production from Blighia sapida seed oil is discussed in this paper. The crushed shells of Ribbon vittata was placed in a crucible and calcined in a furnace for 4 hr at a temperature of 900 °C to develop the heterogeneous catalyst. The calcined Ribbon vittata shells were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the energy-dispersive electroscope (EDS) to reveal the microstructure and elemental composition. Oil was extracted from Blighia sapida seeds using n-hexane solvent in a chemical extraction process. The biodiesel was produced from the extracted oil using the developed heterogeneous catalyst under selected optimal reaction conditions of 65 °C, 120 min, 2 wt.% catalyst content, and methanol to oil ratio of 9:1. Selected fuel properties of the produced biodiesel were determined using American Standards for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The calcined Ribbon vittata shells showed regular rod-like porous particles, indicating its suitability as a catalyst material. The EDS analysis revealed Ca, O, and C to be the significant elements in the developed heterogeneous catalyst. An average biodiesel of 95.60% was obtained from the transesterification reaction. All the determined fuel properties were found to be within the ASTM D6751 limits for biodiesel. The utilization of calcined Ribbon vittata shells as a heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification of Blighia sapida oil is an economic approach to lower the cost of biodiesel and promote its adoption.
Key words: Biodiesel / Blighia sapida / Ribbon vittate / heterogeneous catalyst / net zero / transesterification
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2023
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.