Ensuring fire safety in the technosphere: Important aspects

North-Eastern Federal University, Belinskogo St., 58, Yakutsk, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), 677000, Russia

^* Corresponding author: febra.t@yandex.ru

Abstract

This article discusses the factors that lead to fires, how to prevent and avoid them and the different types of primary fire extinguishing equipment used in production. It also describes the algorithm of actions to be followed by personnel and the public in case of fire, according to the fire safety instructions. Despite the fact that the fire safety rules and fire pyramid conditions (source of fire, temperature, combustible substance and oxygen access) are widely known, the number of technogenic fires in Russia is still high. In connection with this, the article examines the fires that have occurred with loss of life and material damage. These cases are analyzed with the aim of developing and modernizing rules of behavior aimed at preventing fires, as well as developing an algorithm of action in extreme situations and forecasting possible fires. The article presents statistical data on fires in the Russian Federation. Measures are also suggested to evaluate the risk taking into account the layout and design of buildings, prevent fires and determine fire hazards. After analyzing the situations, preventive measures and fire safety propaganda are recommended, as well as regular training and education of personnel, workers and rescuers in order to reduce the number of fires and thus minimize material and human losses.