Assessing the Efficacy of Magnesium Hydroxide and Aluminium Hydroxide in Enhancing Flame Retardancy of Natural Fiber

¹ Faculty of Civil Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 0100 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
² Centre of Excellence Geoplolymer and Green Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
³ National Institute for Research and Development in Environmental Protection (INCDPM), Bucharest, Romania

^* Corresponding author: nuraiti@unimap.edu.my

Abstract

Natural fiber panels have gained attention as sustainable alternatives in various applications, including construction and interior design. Although these fibres are highly valued for their environmental sustainability and acoustic advantages, they are inherently flammable. These panels, when subjected to fire or high-temperature conditions, pose significant safety risks due to their flammability and potential for rapid combustion. This study evaluates the efficacy of various synthetic additives in enhancing the flame retardancy of natural fiber panels. The panels were made by mixing the natural fiber with polyester resin and additives. The experimental setup includes standard fire tests such as ASTM D635 Horizontal Burning and ASTM D3801 Vertical Burning Test. The results show that rice husk demonstrates a slower burning rate when combined with both magnesium hydroxide and aluminium hydroxide, indicating better flame retardancy. Coconut coir outperforms rice husk and sawdust for both magnesium hydroxide and aluminium hydroxide which are 655 s and 640 s respectively in terms of vertical burning. The study showed that magnesium hydroxide is a better flame retardant than aluminium hydroxide. This makes it a promising option for enhancing the fire resistance of natural fiber panels.