Comparative Analysis of Corruption Handling in Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia: Lessons for Bureaucratic Reform in Indonesia from an Ethical Perspective

Graduate School of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: masykuroturrizqi0608@gmail.com

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the success factors of Singapore and Malaysia in combating corruption from an ethical perspective and how these can be applied in Indonesia. The method used is quantitative, using traditional literature review techniques. This method is employed to conduct a comparative analysis of ethical behavior regarding language, ethical infrastructure, reward and punishment, ethical culture, and leadership in handling corruption in these three countries. These indicators are used because organizations have a large influence on ethics. The results show significant differences regarding ethical readiness in the three countries. Singapore is a country with complete ethical factors and supports ethical behavior, making Singapore have the highest anti-corruption behavior ranking in Southeast Asia. Malaysia is also developing various things to support ethical behavior, such as human resources. Indonesia in particular can learn from the two countries to improve its corruption ranking. This study’s novelty lies in its ethical lens, offering a blueprint for Indonesian policymakers to enhance anti-corruption efforts through strengthened ethical behavior, transparent practices, and political commitment.