Reviving Mud Craft: Learnings from the Indigenous Wisdom of Surface Finishes in Tribal Dwellings of Gujarat

Associate Professor, Institute of Architecture and Planning, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India

^* Corresponding author: supriya.pal@nirmauni.ac.in

Abstract

Trailing a long history of mud architecture and construction, India is a living witness of its material existence and endurance. Generations have passed the indigenous wisdom of mud and its construction techniques rendering a very small aboriginal community still following them. India is a valuable resource of these mud craft practices. Gujarat is home to 28 registered and 8 primitive tribes. Responsive to their context, climate and architecture these vernacular dwellings are adorned with visually alluring patterns in mud finishes. These women practised craft has a unique insight to its application, method and usage. Research was carried out for three tribal communities – Dhodia, Rathwa and Kokani. On-site Interviews, activity mapping and documentation of application technique and finishes. Thematic Literature revealed information on observed patterns, colours and symbolism. With growing homogeneity and mass production the survival of these practices remains marginal. The pressing need to mitigate the effects of climate change, sustainable green materials have acquired considerable significance in recent years. With numerous benefits of mud - breathability, temperature and sound insulation, fire resistance, low cost and availability has spurred its revival. This locally sourced, De-carbonized natural material could change the course of the construction industry. The research methodically aims to document and aid the renaissance of eco-friendly mud finishes in contemporary landscape.