| Issue |
E3S Web Conf.
Volume 484, 2024
The 4th Faculty of Industrial Technology International Congress: Development of Multidisciplinary Science and Engineering for Enhancing Innovation and Reputation (FoITIC 2023)
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Article Number | 03010 | |
| Number of page(s) | 9 | |
| Section | Energy Technologies and Sustainability | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448403010 | |
| Published online | 07 February 2024 | |
Numerical simulations of fluid flows and heat transfer in melt pools of Directed Energy Deposition of SS316L
1 Department of Product Design, Universitas Pembangunan Jaya, Tangerang Selatan, 15413, Indonesia
2 Center for Urban Studies, Universitas Pembangunan Jaya, Tangerang Selatan, 15413, Indonesia
3 Department of Engineering Design, Manufacturing and Management Systems, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, 4900-5200, MI, USA
4 Business Engineering Program, Industrial Engineering Department, BINUS ASO School of Engineering, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, 11480, Indonesia
5 Industrial Engineering Department, BINUS Graduate Program Master of Industrial Engineering, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, 11480, Indonesia
6 Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering and Technology, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, 97601, OR, USA
7 Oregon Renewable Energy Center (OREC), Klamath Falls, 97601, OR, USA
* Corresponding author: zssaldi@gmail.com
This paper presents the numerical model developed to simulate fluid flow and heat transfer in melt pools formed in Directed Energy Deposition of stainless steel SS316L. The model incorporated important heat and momentum source terms. The energy source terms included laser energy, latent heat of phase change, convective heat loss, radiative heat loss, evaporative heat loss, and energy addition due to molten particle deposition into the melt pool. The momentum source terms were due to surface tension effect, thermocapillary (Marangoni) effect, thermal buoyancy, momentum damping due to phase change, molten particle momentum, and recoil effect due to evaporation. The simulations suggested that the predicted flow and heat transfer in the melt pool affected the resulting shape and size. With the process parameters currently employed, the melt pool was elongated, wide and shallow, with depressed free surface and outward convective flow. The outward flow was caused by the dominant region of high temperature in the centre of the melt pool, such that the temperature gradient of surface tension is negative.
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2024
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