Issue |
E3S Web of Conf.
Volume 485, 2024
The 7th Environmental Technology and Management Conference (ETMC 2023)
|
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Article Number | 03013 | |
Number of page(s) | 10 | |
Section | Environment Conservation, Restoration, Emergency and Rehabilitation | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448503013 | |
Published online | 02 February 2024 |
Eutrophication in Lake Batur: Current status and management strategies
1 Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
2 Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia
3 Research Center for Limnology and Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia
4 Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
5 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Regional and Infrastructure Technology, Sumatera Institute of Technology, Lampung, Indonesia
* Corresponding author: astried.sunaryani@brin.go.id
Lake Batur, designated as one of the National Priority Lakes in Indonesia, has experienced significant eutrophication in recent years. Waste generated from various anthropogenic activities, including agriculture, domestic, tourism, and floating net fishery (FNF), have collectively contributed to the decline in water quality and the eutrophication status of the lake. Our study aimed to evaluate the current eutrophication status of Lake Batur by analyzing the spatial and temporal variations in nutrient parameters, water transparency and phytoplankton biomass. Then we assessed strategies in controlling eutrophication in the lake using the Driving forces-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework. Currently, Lake Batur has reached mesotrophic to hypereutrophic levels. We identified that the main driving forces behind these concerning conditions were the significant increase of agricultural and FNF activities, particularly since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main environmental pressures showed that agriculture waste was the most dominant nutrient source to the lake (93.05 % of N and 89.96 % of P loads). The state analysis indicated that high nutrient concentrations and subsequent algal growth led to oxygen depletion, resulting in mass mortality of fish, loss of amenity and tourism value, and reduced availability of clean water. Short-term and long-term strategies for effectively managing eutrophication in Lake Batur has been proposed in this study. However, the best scenario will be chosen by considering both eutrophication issue and social implications.
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2024
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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