Image processing techniques for measuring primary microplastic abundance in various of dispersant

¹ Master Program of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
² Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
³ Doctoral Program of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
⁴ Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, President University, Jl. Ki Hajar Dewantara, Jababeka, Cikarang, Bekasi 17550, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: 25321324@mahasiswa.itb.ac.id

Abstract

Microplastics have become one of the world’s most important environmental issues and have received widespread attention as a new type of pollutant. Microplastic quantification methods have evolved from manual to semi-automated and automated methods. These methods still possess drawbacks such costly detecting equipment, lengthy detection durations, and imprecise detection rates, making the detection of microplastics difficult in natural environments. This study aimed to measure the abundance of primary microplastics (microbeads) using Image Processing Techniques (IPT) with various dispersants and validated them using microscopy. Plugable Digital Viewer v.3.1.07 software was used to capture digital images of the IPT tool, while the microscope used Obtilab viewer 3.0. The IPT results were processed and analyzed using ImageJ 1.53t software. The originality of this study is that digital images were taken directly in liquid samples with the preparation sample dispersant so that microplastics in surface water could be directly quantified and identified. This study provides a very strong correlation between the sample mass and particle counting, as seen from R2>0.75. A statistical test of the data obtained (P-Value>0.05) demonstrated a normal distribution of the data. The t-test results between each mass variation obtained (P-Value <0.05) indicated that the microplastic particles from each mass variation were different. The LoD for PP and PE were 1.75 and 0.00009 respectively while the LoQ were 28.5 and 39.5. The %recovery from 10 repetitions produced consistent values for PP and PE, which had less stable values obtained at 0% in repetitions 1.5 and 8. The %RSD from 10 repetitions was below 40%.