Strategic Insights for Bulk Production of MXene: A Review

¹ Research Centre for Nanomaterials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
² Sunway Materials Smart Science & Engineering (SMS2E) Cluster, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
³ School of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
⁴ Department of Engineering, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia

^* Corresponding author: zaed.sunway@gmail.com

Abstract

The remarkable versatility of MXene materials has propelled them into the forefront of advanced material science, with applications spanning energy storage, catalysis, water treatment, and electronics. Bulk production of MXene materials is essential to meet the demands of applications, enhance commercial viability, support research efforts, integrate MXene into industries, and drive technological advancements. It is a key step in realizing the full potential of MXene materials and ensuring their widespread use in diverse fields. However, the problem is that MXene synthesis methods, especially those developed at the laboratory scale, face challenges when transitioning to large-scale production. Maintaining the quality, consistency, and yield of MXene materials on a large scale can be complex. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of current synthesis methods, critical parameters that influence bulk production, precursor materials and post-synthesis characterizations, and innovations in scaling up MXene production. The necessary environmental and safety measures were also reviewed. This comprehensive review work is critical for developing the area of MXene bulk manufacturing and has major implications for the larger community. By thoroughly addressing problems, investigating crucial factors, and emphasising breakthroughs in large-scale synthesis, the study serves as a road map for researchers, industry experts, and maybe policymakers.